Cryo Explorer Ethereum Mainnet

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later


pragma solidity 0.7.5;

import "../libs/ERC20Permit.sol";
import "../libs/DaoOwnable.sol";

contract sGaas is ERC20Permit, DaoOwnable {

    using SafeMath for uint256;

    modifier onlyStakingContract() {
        require( msg.sender == stakingContract );
        _;
    }

    address public stakingContract;
    address public initializer;

    event LogSupply(uint256 indexed epoch, uint256 timestamp, uint256 totalSupply );
    event LogRebase( uint256 indexed epoch, uint256 rebase, uint256 index );
    event LogStakingContractUpdated( address stakingContract );

    struct Rebase {
        uint epoch;
        uint rebase; // 18 decimals
        uint totalStakedBefore;
        uint totalStakedAfter;
        uint amountRebased;
        uint index;
        uint blockNumberOccured;
    }
    Rebase[] public rebases;

    uint public INDEX;

    uint256 private constant MAX_UINT256 = ~uint256(0);
    uint256 private constant INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY = 5000000 * 10**9;

    // TOTAL_GONS is a multiple of INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY so that _gonsPerFragment is an integer.
    // Use the highest value that fits in a uint256 for max granularity.
    uint256 private constant TOTAL_GONS = MAX_UINT256 - (MAX_UINT256 % INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY);

    // MAX_SUPPLY = maximum integer < (sqrt(4*TOTAL_GONS + 1) - 1) / 2
    uint256 private constant MAX_SUPPLY = ~uint128(0);  // (2^128) - 1

    uint256 private _gonsPerFragment;
    mapping(address => uint256) private _gonBalances;

    mapping ( address => mapping ( address => uint256 ) ) private _allowedValue;

    constructor() ERC20("Staked Gaas", "sGaas", 9) ERC20Permit() {
        initializer = msg.sender;
        _totalSupply = INITIAL_FRAGMENTS_SUPPLY;
        _gonsPerFragment = TOTAL_GONS.div(_totalSupply);
    }

    function initialize( address stakingContract_ ) external returns ( bool ) {
        require( msg.sender == initializer );
        require( stakingContract_ != address(0) );
        stakingContract = stakingContract_;
        _gonBalances[ stakingContract ] = TOTAL_GONS;

        emit Transfer( address(0x0), stakingContract, _totalSupply );
        emit LogStakingContractUpdated( stakingContract_ );
        
        initializer = address(0);
        return true;
    }

    function setIndex( uint _INDEX ) external onlyManager() returns ( bool ) {
        require( INDEX == 0 );
        INDEX = gonsForBalance( _INDEX );
        return true;
    }

    /**
        @notice increases sGaas supply to increase staking balances relative to profit_
        @param profit_ uint256
        @return uint256
     */
    function rebase( uint256 profit_, uint epoch_ ) public onlyStakingContract() returns ( uint256 ) {
        uint256 rebaseAmount;
        uint256 circulatingSupply_ = circulatingSupply();

        if ( profit_ == 0 ) {
            emit LogSupply( epoch_, block.timestamp, _totalSupply );
            emit LogRebase( epoch_, 0, index() );
            return _totalSupply;
        } else if ( circulatingSupply_ > 0 ){
            rebaseAmount = profit_.mul( _totalSupply ).div( circulatingSupply_ );
        } else {
            rebaseAmount = profit_;
        }

        _totalSupply = _totalSupply.add( rebaseAmount );

        if ( _totalSupply > MAX_SUPPLY ) {
            _totalSupply = MAX_SUPPLY;
        }

        _gonsPerFragment = TOTAL_GONS.div( _totalSupply );

        _storeRebase( circulatingSupply_, profit_, epoch_ );

        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
        @notice emits event with data about rebase
        @param previousCirculating_ uint
        @param profit_ uint
        @param epoch_ uint
        @return bool
     */
    function _storeRebase( uint previousCirculating_, uint profit_, uint epoch_ ) internal returns ( bool ) {
        uint rebasePercent = profit_.mul( 1e18 ).div( previousCirculating_ );

        rebases.push( Rebase ( {
            epoch: epoch_,
            rebase: rebasePercent, // 18 decimals
            totalStakedBefore: previousCirculating_,
            totalStakedAfter: circulatingSupply(),
            amountRebased: profit_,
            index: index(),
            blockNumberOccured: block.number
        }));
        
        emit LogSupply( epoch_, block.timestamp, _totalSupply );
        emit LogRebase( epoch_, rebasePercent, index() );

        return true;
    }

    function balanceOf( address who ) public view override returns ( uint256 ) {
        return _gonBalances[ who ].div( _gonsPerFragment );
    }

    function gonsForBalance( uint amount ) public view returns ( uint ) {
        return amount.mul( _gonsPerFragment );
    }

    function balanceForGons( uint gons ) public view returns ( uint ) {
        return gons.div( _gonsPerFragment );
    }

    // Staking contract holds excess sGaas
    function circulatingSupply() public view returns ( uint ) {
        return _totalSupply.sub( balanceOf( stakingContract ) );
    }

    function index() public view returns ( uint ) {
        return balanceForGons( INDEX );
    }

    function transfer( address to, uint256 value ) public override returns (bool) {
        uint256 gonValue = value.mul( _gonsPerFragment );
        _gonBalances[ msg.sender ] = _gonBalances[ msg.sender ].sub( gonValue );
        _gonBalances[ to ] = _gonBalances[ to ].add( gonValue );
        emit Transfer( msg.sender, to, value );
        return true;
    }

    function allowance( address owner_, address spender ) public view override returns ( uint256 ) {
        return _allowedValue[ owner_ ][ spender ];
    }

    function transferFrom( address from, address to, uint256 value ) public override returns ( bool ) {
       _allowedValue[ from ][ msg.sender ] = _allowedValue[ from ][ msg.sender ].sub( value );
       emit Approval( from, msg.sender,  _allowedValue[ from ][ msg.sender ] );

        uint256 gonValue = gonsForBalance( value );
        _gonBalances[ from ] = _gonBalances[from].sub( gonValue );
        _gonBalances[ to ] = _gonBalances[to].add( gonValue );
        emit Transfer( from, to, value );

        return true;
    }

    function approve( address spender, uint256 value ) public override returns (bool) {
         _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ] = value;
         emit Approval( msg.sender, spender, value );
         return true;
    }

    // What gets called in a permit
    function _approve( address owner, address spender, uint256 value ) internal override virtual {
        _allowedValue[owner][spender] = value;
        emit Approval( owner, spender, value );
    }

    function increaseAllowance( address spender, uint256 addedValue ) public override returns (bool) {
        _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ] = _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ].add( addedValue );
        emit Approval( msg.sender, spender, _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ] );
        return true;
    }

    function decreaseAllowance( address spender, uint256 subtractedValue ) public override returns (bool) {
        uint256 oldValue = _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ];
        if (subtractedValue >= oldValue) {
            _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ] = 0;
        } else {
            _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ] = oldValue.sub( subtractedValue );
        }
        emit Approval( msg.sender, spender, _allowedValue[ msg.sender ][ spender ] );
        return true;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later



pragma solidity 0.7.5;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.zeppelin.solutions/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin guidelines: functions revert instead
 * of returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless conventional
 * and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20 applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20 {
    mapping (address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 internal _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;
	uint8 private _decimals;
	

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * The defaut value of {decimals} is 18. To select a different value for
     * {decimals} you should overload it.
     *
     * All three of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor (string memory name_, string memory symbol_, uint8 decimals_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
		_decimals = decimals_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5,05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the value {ERC20} uses, unless this function is
     * overloaded;
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return _decimals;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(_msgSender(), recipient, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` and `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``sender``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        _transfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[sender][_msgSender()];
        require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds allowance");
        _approve(sender, _msgSender(), currentAllowance - amount);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, _allowances[_msgSender()][spender] + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        uint256 currentAllowance = _allowances[_msgSender()][spender];
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        _approve(_msgSender(), spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves tokens `amount` from `sender` to `recipient`.
     *
     * This is internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `sender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `recipient` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `sender` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(sender != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(recipient != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(sender, recipient, amount);

        uint256 senderBalance = _balances[sender];
        require(senderBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[sender] = senderBalance - amount;
        _balances[recipient] += amount;

        emit Transfer(sender, recipient, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        _balances[account] += amount;
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
        _totalSupply -= amount;

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be to transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address, address, uint256) internal virtual { }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later


pragma solidity 0.7.5;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {

	/**
     * @dev Returns the decimals of token.
     */
	function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
	
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

/*
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with GSN meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address payable) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes memory) {
        this; // silence state mutability warning without generating bytecode - see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/2691
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later


pragma solidity 0.7.5;

contract DaoOwnable{

    address internal _owner;
    address internal _newOwner;

    event OwnershipPushed(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);
    event OwnershipPulled(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    constructor () {
        _owner = msg.sender;
        emit OwnershipPushed( address(0), _owner );
    }

    function manager() public view returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    modifier onlyManager() {
        require( _owner == msg.sender, "Ownable: caller is not the owner" );
        _;
    }

    function renounceManagement() public onlyManager() {
        emit OwnershipPushed( _owner, address(0) );
        _owner = address(0);
    }

    function pushManagement( address newOwner_ ) public onlyManager() {
        require( newOwner_ != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        emit OwnershipPushed( _owner, newOwner_ );
        _newOwner = newOwner_;
    }
    
    function pullManagement() public {
        require( msg.sender == _newOwner, "Ownable: must be new owner to pull");
        emit OwnershipPulled( _owner, _newOwner );
        _owner = _newOwner;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later


pragma solidity 0.7.5;

import "./interface/IERC2612Permit.sol";
import "./ERC20.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Counters.sol";


abstract contract ERC20Permit is ERC20, IERC2612Permit {
    using Counters for Counters.Counter;

    mapping(address => Counters.Counter) private _nonces;

    // keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
    bytes32 public constant PERMIT_TYPEHASH = 0x6e71edae12b1b97f4d1f60370fef10105fa2faae0126114a169c64845d6126c9;

    bytes32 public DOMAIN_SEPARATOR;

    constructor() {
        uint256 chainID;
        assembly {
            chainID := chainid()
        }

        DOMAIN_SEPARATOR = keccak256(
            abi.encode(
                keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)"),
                keccak256(bytes(name())),
                keccak256(bytes("1")), // Version
                chainID,
                address(this)
            )
        );
    }

    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual override {
        require(block.timestamp <= deadline, "Permit: expired deadline");

        bytes32 hashStruct =
            keccak256(abi.encode(PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, amount, _nonces[owner].current(), deadline));

        bytes32 _hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(uint16(0x1901), DOMAIN_SEPARATOR, hashStruct));

        address signer = ecrecover(_hash, v, r, s);
        require(signer != address(0) && signer == owner, "ZeroSwapPermit: Invalid signature");

        _nonces[owner].increment();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    function nonces(address owner) public view override returns (uint256) {
        return _nonces[owner].current();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT

pragma solidity >=0.6.0 <0.8.0;

import "../math/SafeMath.sol";

/**
 * @title Counters
 * @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
 * @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented or decremented by one. This can be used e.g. to track the number
 * of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
 *
 * Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
 * Since it is not possible to overflow a 256 bit integer with increments of one, `increment` can skip the {SafeMath}
 * overflow check, thereby saving gas. This does assume however correct usage, in that the underlying `_value` is never
 * directly accessed.
 */
library Counters {
    using SafeMath for uint256;

    struct Counter {
        // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
        // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
        // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
        uint256 _value; // default: 0
    }

    function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return counter._value;
    }

    function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
        // The {SafeMath} overflow check can be skipped here, see the comment at the top
        counter._value += 1;
    }

    function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
        counter._value = counter._value.sub(1);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later


pragma solidity 0.7.5;

interface IERC2612Permit {

    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);
}