Cryo Explorer Ethereum Mainnet

//SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IExchange {
    function swapTokenForDai(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 receiveAtLeast,
        address callee,
        bytes calldata withData
    ) external;

    function swapDaiForToken(
        address asset,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 receiveAtLeast,
        address callee,
        bytes calldata withData
    ) external;
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IWETH {
    function withdraw(uint256 wad) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20 token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20 token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20 token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// AutomationExecutor.sol

// Copyright (C) 2021-2021 Oazo Apps Limited

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { IWETH } from "./interfaces/IWETH.sol";
import { BotLike } from "./interfaces/BotLike.sol";
import { IExchange } from "./interfaces/IExchange.sol";
import { ICommand } from "./interfaces/ICommand.sol";

contract AutomationExecutor {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    event CallerAdded(address indexed caller);
    event CallerRemoved(address indexed caller);

    BotLike public immutable bot;
    IERC20 public immutable dai;
    IWETH public immutable weth;

    address public exchange;
    address public owner;

    mapping(address => bool) public callers;

    constructor(BotLike _bot, IERC20 _dai, IWETH _weth, address _exchange) {
        bot = _bot;
        weth = _weth;
        dai = _dai;
        exchange = _exchange;
        owner = msg.sender;
        callers[owner] = true;
    }

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "executor/only-owner");
        _;
    }

    modifier auth(address caller) {
        require(callers[caller], "executor/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) external onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "executor/invalid-new-owner");
        owner = newOwner;
    }

    function setExchange(address newExchange) external onlyOwner {
        require(newExchange != address(0), "executor/invalid-new-exchange");
        exchange = newExchange;
    }

    function addCallers(address[] calldata _callers) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 length = _callers.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            address caller = _callers[i];
            require(!callers[caller], "executor/duplicate-whitelist");
            callers[caller] = true;
            emit CallerAdded(caller);
        }
    }

    function removeCallers(address[] calldata _callers) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 length = _callers.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            address caller = _callers[i];
            callers[caller] = false;
            emit CallerRemoved(caller);
        }
    }

    function execute(
        bytes calldata executionData,
        uint256 cdpId,
        bytes calldata triggerData,
        address commandAddress,
        uint256 triggerId,
        uint256 daiCoverage,
        uint256 minerBribe,
        int256 gasRefund
    ) external auth(msg.sender) {
        uint256 initialGasAvailable = gasleft();
        require(
            ICommand(commandAddress).isExecutionLegal(cdpId, triggerData),
            "executor/illegal-execution"
        );
        require(daiCoverage <= 1500 * 10 ** 18, "executor/coverage-too-high");

        bot.execute(executionData, cdpId, triggerData, commandAddress, triggerId, daiCoverage);

        if (minerBribe > 0) {
            block.coinbase.transfer(minerBribe);
        }
        uint256 finalGasAvailable = gasleft();
        uint256 etherUsed = tx.gasprice *
            uint256(int256(initialGasAvailable - finalGasAvailable) - gasRefund);

        payable(msg.sender).transfer(
            address(this).balance > etherUsed ? etherUsed : address(this).balance
        );
    }

    function swap(
        address otherAsset,
        bool toDai,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 receiveAtLeast,
        address callee,
        bytes calldata withData
    ) external auth(msg.sender) {
        IERC20 fromToken = toDai ? IERC20(otherAsset) : dai;
        require(
            amount > 0 && amount <= fromToken.balanceOf(address(this)),
            "executor/invalid-amount"
        );

        fromToken.safeApprove(exchange, amount);
        if (toDai) {
            IExchange(exchange).swapTokenForDai(
                otherAsset,
                amount,
                receiveAtLeast,
                callee,
                withData
            );
        } else {
            IExchange(exchange).swapDaiForToken(
                otherAsset,
                amount,
                receiveAtLeast,
                callee,
                withData
            );
        }
    }

    function withdraw(address asset, uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
        if (asset == address(0)) {
            require(amount <= address(this).balance, "executor/invalid-amount");
            (bool sent, ) = payable(owner).call{ value: amount }("");
            require(sent, "executor/withdrawal-failed");
        } else {
            IERC20(asset).safeTransfer(owner, amount);
        }
    }

    function unwrapWETH(uint256 amount) external onlyOwner {
        weth.withdraw(amount);
    }

    function revokeAllowance(IERC20 token, address target) external onlyOwner {
        token.safeApprove(target, 0);
    }

    receive() external payable {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

/// AutomationSwap.sol

// Copyright (C) 2021-2021 Oazo Apps Limited

// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import { IERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";
import { SafeERC20 } from "@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import { AutomationExecutor } from "../AutomationExecutor.sol";

contract AutomationSwap {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    address public constant ETH_ADDRESS = 0xEeeeeEeeeEeEeeEeEeEeeEEEeeeeEeeeeeeeEEeE;

    AutomationExecutor public executor;
    IERC20 public immutable dai;

    address public owner;

    mapping(address => bool) public callers;

    event CallerAdded(address indexed caller);
    event CallerRemoved(address indexed caller);

    constructor(AutomationExecutor _executor, IERC20 _dai) {
        executor = _executor;
        dai = _dai;
        owner = msg.sender;
        callers[owner] = true;
    }

    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, "swap/only-owner");
        _;
    }

    modifier auth(address caller) {
        require(callers[caller], "swap/not-authorized");
        _;
    }

    function addCallers(address[] calldata _callers) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 length = _callers.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            address caller = _callers[i];
            require(!callers[caller], "swap/duplicate-whitelist");
            callers[caller] = true;
            emit CallerAdded(caller);
        }
    }

    function removeCallers(address[] calldata _callers) external onlyOwner {
        uint256 length = _callers.length;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            address caller = _callers[i];
            require(caller != msg.sender, "swap/cannot-remove-owner");
            callers[caller] = false;
            emit CallerRemoved(caller);
        }
    }

    function updateExecutor(address payable newExecutor) external onlyOwner {
        executor = AutomationExecutor(newExecutor);
    }

    function swap(
        address receiver,
        address otherAsset,
        bool toDai,
        uint256 amount,
        uint256 receiveAtLeast,
        address callee,
        bytes calldata withData
    ) external auth(msg.sender) {
        require(receiver != address(0), "swap/receiver-zero-address");
        bool isEth = otherAsset == ETH_ADDRESS || otherAsset == address(0);
        // isEth && toDai - swap will fail
        // mock other asset as ERC20 if it's a swap to eth
        address other = isEth && !toDai ? address(dai) : otherAsset;
        executor.swap(other, toDai, amount, 0, callee, withData);
        if (isEth) {
            uint256 balance = address(this).balance;
            require(balance >= receiveAtLeast, "swap/received-less");
            (bool sent, ) = payable(receiver).call{ value: balance }("");
            require(sent, "swap/withdrawal-failed");
        } else {
            IERC20 toToken = toDai ? dai : IERC20(otherAsset);
            uint256 balance = toToken.balanceOf(address(this));
            require(balance >= receiveAtLeast, "swap/received-less");
            toToken.safeTransfer(receiver, balance);
        }
    }

    receive() external payable {}
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface BotLike {
    function addRecord(
        uint256 cdpId,
        uint256 triggerType,
        uint256 replacedTriggerId,
        bytes memory triggerData
    ) external;

    function removeRecord(
        // This function should be executed allways in a context of AutomationBot address not DsProxy,
        //msg.sender should be dsProxy
        uint256 cdpId,
        uint256 triggerId
    ) external;

    function execute(
        bytes calldata executionData,
        uint256 cdpId,
        bytes calldata triggerData,
        address commandAddress,
        uint256 triggerId,
        uint256 daiCoverage
    ) external;
}

//SPDX-License-Identifier: Unlicense
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface ICommand {
    function isTriggerDataValid(
        uint256 _cdpId,
        bytes memory triggerData
    ) external view returns (bool);

    function isExecutionCorrect(
        uint256 cdpId,
        bytes memory triggerData
    ) external view returns (bool);

    function isExecutionLegal(uint256 cdpId, bytes memory triggerData) external view returns (bool);

    function execute(
        bytes calldata executionData,
        uint256 cdpId,
        bytes memory triggerData
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}