Cryo Explorer Ethereum Mainnet

// File: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.1.0/contracts/utils/ReentrancyGuard.sol



pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/**
 * @dev Contract module that helps prevent reentrant calls to a function.
 *
 * Inheriting from `ReentrancyGuard` will make the {nonReentrant} modifier
 * available, which can be applied to functions to make sure there are no nested
 * (reentrant) calls to them.
 *
 * Note that because there is a single `nonReentrant` guard, functions marked as
 * `nonReentrant` may not call one another. This can be worked around by making
 * those functions `private`, and then adding `external` `nonReentrant` entry
 * points to them.
 *
 * TIP: If you would like to learn more about reentrancy and alternative ways
 * to protect against it, check out our blog post
 * https://blog.openzeppelin.com/reentrancy-after-istanbul/[Reentrancy After Istanbul].
 */
contract ReentrancyGuard {
    // Booleans are more expensive than uint256 or any type that takes up a full
    // word because each write operation emits an extra SLOAD to first read the
    // slot's contents, replace the bits taken up by the boolean, and then write
    // back. This is the compiler's defense against contract upgrades and
    // pointer aliasing, and it cannot be disabled.

    // The values being non-zero value makes deployment a bit more expensive,
    // but in exchange the refund on every call to nonReentrant will be lower in
    // amount. Since refunds are capped to a percentage of the total
    // transaction's gas, it is best to keep them low in cases like this one, to
    // increase the likelihood of the full refund coming into effect.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    uint256 private _status;

    constructor () internal {
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Prevents a contract from calling itself, directly or indirectly.
     * Calling a `nonReentrant` function from another `nonReentrant`
     * function is not supported. It is possible to prevent this from happening
     * by making the `nonReentrant` function external, and make it call a
     * `private` function that does the actual work.
     */
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        // On the first call to nonReentrant, _notEntered will be true
        require(_status != _ENTERED, "ReentrancyGuard: reentrant call");

        // Any calls to nonReentrant after this point will fail
        _status = _ENTERED;

        _;

        // By storing the original value once again, a refund is triggered (see
        // https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2200)
        _status = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }
}

// File: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.1.0/contracts/utils/Address.sol



pragma solidity ^0.6.2;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // According to EIP-1052, 0x0 is the value returned for not-yet created accounts
        // and 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470 is returned
        // for accounts without code, i.e. `keccak256('')`
        bytes32 codehash;
        bytes32 accountHash = 0xc5d2460186f7233c927e7db2dcc703c0e500b653ca82273b7bfad8045d85a470;
        // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
        assembly { codehash := extcodehash(account) }
        return (codehash != accountHash && codehash != 0x0);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls, avoid-call-value
        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{ value: amount }("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain`call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
      return functionCall(target, data, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value, string memory errorMessage) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        return _functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, errorMessage);
    }

    function _functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 weiValue, string memory errorMessage) private returns (bytes memory) {
        require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{ value: weiValue }(data);
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
            if (returndata.length > 0) {
                // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly

                // solhint-disable-next-line no-inline-assembly
                assembly {
                    let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                    revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
                }
            } else {
                revert(errorMessage);
            }
        }
    }
}

// File: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.1.0/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol



pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `recipient`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `sender` to `recipient` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

// File: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.1.0/contracts/math/SafeMath.sol



pragma solidity ^0.6.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's arithmetic operations with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Arithmetic operations in Solidity wrap on overflow. This can easily result
 * in bugs, because programmers usually assume that an overflow raises an
 * error, which is the standard behavior in high level programming languages.
 * `SafeMath` restores this intuition by reverting the transaction when an
 * operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 */
library SafeMath {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the addition of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `+` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Addition cannot overflow.
     */
    function add(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 c = a + b;
        require(c >= a, "SafeMath: addition overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return sub(a, b, "SafeMath: subtraction overflow");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the subtraction of two unsigned integers, reverting with custom message on
     * overflow (when the result is negative).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `-` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Subtraction cannot overflow.
     */
    function sub(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b <= a, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a - b;

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the multiplication of two unsigned integers, reverting on
     * overflow.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `*` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - Multiplication cannot overflow.
     */
    function mul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // Gas optimization: this is cheaper than requiring 'a' not being zero, but the
        // benefit is lost if 'b' is also tested.
        // See: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/pull/522
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        uint256 c = a * b;
        require(c / a == b, "SafeMath: multiplication overflow");

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return div(a, b, "SafeMath: division by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the integer division of two unsigned integers. Reverts with custom message on
     * division by zero. The result is rounded towards zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `/` operator. Note: this function uses a
     * `revert` opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity
     * uses an invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function div(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b > 0, errorMessage);
        uint256 c = a / b;
        // assert(a == b * c + a % b); // There is no case in which this doesn't hold

        return c;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return mod(a, b, "SafeMath: modulo by zero");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remainder of dividing two unsigned integers. (unsigned integer modulo),
     * Reverts with custom message when dividing by zero.
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `%` operator. This function uses a `revert`
     * opcode (which leaves remaining gas untouched) while Solidity uses an
     * invalid opcode to revert (consuming all remaining gas).
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The divisor cannot be zero.
     */
    function mod(uint256 a, uint256 b, string memory errorMessage) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(b != 0, errorMessage);
        return a % b;
    }
}

// File: https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/openzeppelin-contracts/blob/v3.1.0/contracts/token/ERC20/SafeERC20.sol



pragma solidity ^0.6.0;




/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using SafeMath for uint256;
    using Address for address;

    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
        require((value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).add(value);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender).sub(value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address.functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) { // Return data is optional
            // solhint-disable-next-line max-line-length
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// File: hub2eth.sol



pragma solidity ^0.6.6;






pragma experimental ABIEncoderV2;

// This is being used purely to avoid stack too deep errors
struct LogicCallArgs {
	// Transfers out to the logic contract
	uint256[] transferAmounts;
	address[] transferTokenContracts;
	// The fees (transferred to msg.sender)
	uint256[] feeAmounts;
	address[] feeTokenContracts;
	// The arbitrary logic call
	address logicContractAddress;
	bytes payload;
	// Invalidation metadata
	uint256 timeOut;
	bytes32 invalidationId;
	uint256 invalidationNonce;
}

interface IWETH {
    function deposit() external payable;
    function withdraw(uint) external;
}

contract Hub2Eth is ReentrancyGuard {
	using SafeMath for uint256;
	using SafeMath for uint;
	using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

	// These are updated often
	bytes32 public state_lastValsetCheckpoint;
	mapping(address => uint256) public state_lastBatchNonces;
	mapping(bytes32 => uint256) public state_invalidationMapping;
	uint256 public state_lastValsetNonce = 0;
	// event nonce zero is reserved by the Cosmos module as a special
	// value indicating that no events have yet been submitted
	uint256 public state_lastEventNonce = 1;

	// These are set once at initialization
	bytes32 public state_gravityId;
	uint256 public state_powerThreshold;

	address public wethAddress;

	address public guardian;

	// TransactionBatchExecutedEvent and TransferToChain both include the field _eventNonce.
	// This is incremented every time one of these events is emitted. It is checked by the
	// Cosmos module to ensure that all events are received in order, and that none are lost.
	//
	// ValsetUpdatedEvent does not include the field _eventNonce because it is never submitted to the Cosmos
	// module. It is purely for the use of relayers to allow them to successfully submit batches.
	event TransactionBatchExecutedEvent(
		uint256 indexed _batchNonce,
		address indexed _token,
		uint256 _eventNonce
	);
	event TransferToChainEvent(
		address indexed _tokenContract,
		address indexed _sender,
		bytes32 indexed _destinationChain,
		bytes32 _destination,
		uint256 _amount,
		uint256 _fee,
		uint256 _eventNonce
	);
	event ValsetUpdatedEvent(
		uint256 indexed _newValsetNonce,
		uint256 _eventNonce,
		address[] _validators,
		uint256[] _powers
	);
	event LogicCallEvent(
		bytes32 _invalidationId,
		uint256 _invalidationNonce,
		uint256 _eventNonce,
		bytes _returnData
	);

	receive() external payable {
        assert(msg.sender == wethAddress); // only accept ETH via fallback from the WETH contract
    }

	function lastBatchNonce(address _erc20Address) public view returns (uint256) {
		return state_lastBatchNonces[_erc20Address];
	}

	function lastLogicCallNonce(bytes32 _invalidation_id) public view returns (uint256) {
		return state_invalidationMapping[_invalidation_id];
	}

	// Utility function to verify geth style signatures
	function verifySig(
		address _signer,
		bytes32 _theHash,
		uint8 _v,
		bytes32 _r,
		bytes32 _s
	) private pure returns (bool) {
		bytes32 messageDigest =
			keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32", _theHash));
		return _signer == ecrecover(messageDigest, _v, _r, _s);
	}

	// Make a new checkpoint from the supplied validator set
	// A checkpoint is a hash of all relevant information about the valset. This is stored by the contract,
	// instead of storing the information directly. This saves on storage and gas.
	// The format of the checkpoint is:
	// h(gravityId, "checkpoint", valsetNonce, validators[], powers[])
	// Where h is the keccak256 hash function.
	// The validator powers must be decreasing or equal. This is important for checking the signatures on the
	// next valset, since it allows the caller to stop verifying signatures once a quorum of signatures have been verified.
	function makeCheckpoint(
		address[] memory _validators,
		uint256[] memory _powers,
		uint256 _valsetNonce,
		bytes32 _gravityId
	) private pure returns (bytes32) {
		// bytes32 encoding of the string "checkpoint"
		bytes32 methodName = 0x636865636b706f696e7400000000000000000000000000000000000000000000;

		bytes32 checkpoint =
			keccak256(abi.encode(_gravityId, methodName, _valsetNonce, _validators, _powers));

		return checkpoint;
	}

	function checkValidatorSignatures(
		// The current validator set and their powers
		address[] memory _currentValidators,
		uint256[] memory _currentPowers,
		// The current validator's signatures
		uint8[] memory _v,
		bytes32[] memory _r,
		bytes32[] memory _s,
		// This is what we are checking they have signed
		bytes32 _theHash,
		uint256 _powerThreshold
	) private pure {
		uint256 cumulativePower = 0;

		for (uint256 i = 0; i < _currentValidators.length; i++) {
			// If v is set to 0, this signifies that it was not possible to get a signature from this validator and we skip evaluation
			// (In a valid signature, it is either 27 or 28)
			if (_v[i] != 0) {
				// Check that the current validator has signed off on the hash
				require(
					verifySig(_currentValidators[i], _theHash, _v[i], _r[i], _s[i]),
					"Validator signature does not match."
				);

				// Sum up cumulative power
				cumulativePower = cumulativePower + _currentPowers[i];

				// Break early to avoid wasting gas
				if (cumulativePower > _powerThreshold) {
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		// Check that there was enough power
		require(
			cumulativePower > _powerThreshold,
			"Submitted validator set signatures do not have enough power."
		);
		// Success
	}

	// This updates the valset by checking that the validators in the current valset have signed off on the
	// new valset. The signatures supplied are the signatures of the current valset over the checkpoint hash
	// generated from the new valset.
	// Anyone can call this function, but they must supply valid signatures of state_powerThreshold of the current valset over
	// the new valset.
	function updateValset(
		// The new version of the validator set
		address[] memory _newValidators,
		uint256[] memory _newPowers,
		uint256 _newValsetNonce,
		// The current validators that approve the change
		address[] memory _currentValidators,
		uint256[] memory _currentPowers,
		uint256 _currentValsetNonce,
		// These are arrays of the parts of the current validator's signatures
		uint8[] memory _v,
		bytes32[] memory _r,
		bytes32[] memory _s
	) public nonReentrant {
		// CHECKS

		// Check that the valset nonce is greater than the old one
		require(
			_newValsetNonce > _currentValsetNonce,
			"New valset nonce must be greater than the current nonce"
		);

		// Check that new validators and powers set is well-formed
		require(_newValidators.length == _newPowers.length, "Malformed new validator set");

		// Check that current validators, powers, and signatures (v,r,s) set is well-formed
		require(
			_currentValidators.length == _currentPowers.length &&
				_currentValidators.length == _v.length &&
				_currentValidators.length == _r.length &&
				_currentValidators.length == _s.length,
			"Malformed current validator set"
		);

		// Check that the supplied current validator set matches the saved checkpoint
		require(
			makeCheckpoint(
				_currentValidators,
				_currentPowers,
				_currentValsetNonce,
				state_gravityId
			) == state_lastValsetCheckpoint,
			"Supplied current validators and powers do not match checkpoint."
		);

		// Check that enough current validators have signed off on the new validator set
		bytes32 newCheckpoint =
			makeCheckpoint(_newValidators, _newPowers, _newValsetNonce, state_gravityId);

		checkValidatorSignatures(
			_currentValidators,
			_currentPowers,
			_v,
			_r,
			_s,
			newCheckpoint,
			state_powerThreshold
		);

		// ACTIONS

		// Stored to be used next time to validate that the valset
		// supplied by the caller is correct.
		state_lastValsetCheckpoint = newCheckpoint;

		// Store new nonce
		state_lastValsetNonce = _newValsetNonce;

		// LOGS
		state_lastEventNonce = state_lastEventNonce.add(1);
		emit ValsetUpdatedEvent(_newValsetNonce, state_lastEventNonce, _newValidators, _newPowers);
	}

	// submitBatch processes a batch of Cosmos -> Ethereum transactions by sending the tokens in the transactions
	// to the destination addresses. It is approved by the current Cosmos validator set.
	// Anyone can call this function, but they must supply valid signatures of state_powerThreshold of the current valset over
	// the batch.
	function submitBatch(
		// The validators that approve the batch
		address[] memory _currentValidators,
		uint256[] memory _currentPowers,
		uint256 _currentValsetNonce,
		// These are arrays of the parts of the validators signatures
		uint8[] memory _v,
		bytes32[] memory _r,
		bytes32[] memory _s,
		// The batch of transactions
		uint256[] memory _amounts,
		address payable[] memory _destinations,
		uint256[] memory _fees,
		uint256 _batchNonce,
		address _tokenContract,
		// a block height beyond which this batch is not valid
		// used to provide a fee-free timeout
		uint256 _batchTimeout
	) public nonReentrant {
		// CHECKS scoped to reduce stack depth
		{
			// Check that the batch nonce is higher than the last nonce for this token
			require(
				state_lastBatchNonces[_tokenContract] < _batchNonce,
				"New batch nonce must be greater than the current nonce"
			);

			// Check that the block height is less than the timeout height
			require(
				block.number < _batchTimeout,
				"Batch timeout must be greater than the current block height"
			);

			// Check that current validators, powers, and signatures (v,r,s) set is well-formed
			require(
				_currentValidators.length == _currentPowers.length &&
					_currentValidators.length == _v.length &&
					_currentValidators.length == _r.length &&
					_currentValidators.length == _s.length,
				"Malformed current validator set"
			);

			// Check that the supplied current validator set matches the saved checkpoint
			require(
				makeCheckpoint(
					_currentValidators,
					_currentPowers,
					_currentValsetNonce,
					state_gravityId
				) == state_lastValsetCheckpoint,
				"Supplied current validators and powers do not match checkpoint."
			);

			// Check that the transaction batch is well-formed
			require(
				_amounts.length == _destinations.length && _amounts.length == _fees.length,
				"Malformed batch of transactions"
			);

			// Check that enough current validators have signed off on the transaction batch and valset
			checkValidatorSignatures(
				_currentValidators,
				_currentPowers,
				_v,
				_r,
				_s,
				// Get hash of the transaction batch and checkpoint
				keccak256(
					abi.encode(
						state_gravityId,
						// bytes32 encoding of "transactionBatch"
						0x7472616e73616374696f6e426174636800000000000000000000000000000000,
						_amounts,
						_destinations,
						_fees,
						_batchNonce,
						_tokenContract,
						_batchTimeout
					)
				),
				state_powerThreshold
			);

			// ACTIONS

			// Store batch nonce
			state_lastBatchNonces[_tokenContract] = _batchNonce;

			// Send transaction amounts to destinations
			if (_tokenContract == wethAddress) {
				for (uint256 i = 0; i < _amounts.length; i++) {
					IWETH(wethAddress).withdraw(_amounts[i]);
					TransferHelper.safeTransferETH(_destinations[i], _amounts[i]);
				}
			} else {
				for (uint256 i = 0; i < _amounts.length; i++) {
					IERC20(_tokenContract).safeTransfer(_destinations[i], _amounts[i]);
				}
			}
		}

		// LOGS scoped to reduce stack depth
		{
			state_lastEventNonce = state_lastEventNonce.add(1);
			emit TransactionBatchExecutedEvent(_batchNonce, _tokenContract, state_lastEventNonce);
		}
	}

	// This makes calls to contracts that execute arbitrary logic
	// First, it gives the logic contract some tokens
	// Then, it gives msg.senders tokens for fees
	// Then, it calls an arbitrary function on the logic contract
	// invalidationId and invalidationNonce are used for replay prevention.
	// They can be used to implement a per-token nonce by setting the token
	// address as the invalidationId and incrementing the nonce each call.
	// They can be used for nonce-free replay prevention by using a different invalidationId
	// for each call.
	function submitLogicCall(
		// The validators that approve the call
		address[] memory _currentValidators,
		uint256[] memory _currentPowers,
		uint256 _currentValsetNonce,
		// These are arrays of the parts of the validators signatures
		uint8[] memory _v,
		bytes32[] memory _r,
		bytes32[] memory _s,
		LogicCallArgs memory _args
	) public nonReentrant {
		// CHECKS scoped to reduce stack depth
		{
			// Check that the call has not timed out
			require(block.number < _args.timeOut, "Timed out");

			// Check that the invalidation nonce is higher than the last nonce for this invalidation Id
			require(
				state_invalidationMapping[_args.invalidationId] < _args.invalidationNonce,
				"New invalidation nonce must be greater than the current nonce"
			);

			// Check that current validators, powers, and signatures (v,r,s) set is well-formed
			require(
				_currentValidators.length == _currentPowers.length &&
					_currentValidators.length == _v.length &&
					_currentValidators.length == _r.length &&
					_currentValidators.length == _s.length,
				"Malformed current validator set"
			);

			// Check that the supplied current validator set matches the saved checkpoint
			require(
				makeCheckpoint(
					_currentValidators,
					_currentPowers,
					_currentValsetNonce,
					state_gravityId
				) == state_lastValsetCheckpoint,
				"Supplied current validators and powers do not match checkpoint."
			);

			// Check that the token transfer list is well-formed
			require(
				_args.transferAmounts.length == _args.transferTokenContracts.length,
				"Malformed list of token transfers"
			);

			// Check that the fee list is well-formed
			require(
				_args.feeAmounts.length == _args.feeTokenContracts.length,
				"Malformed list of fees"
			);
		}

		bytes32 argsHash =
			keccak256(
				abi.encode(
					state_gravityId,
					// bytes32 encoding of "logicCall"
					0x6c6f67696343616c6c0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000,
					_args.transferAmounts,
					_args.transferTokenContracts,
					_args.feeAmounts,
					_args.feeTokenContracts,
					_args.logicContractAddress,
					_args.payload,
					_args.timeOut,
					_args.invalidationId,
					_args.invalidationNonce
				)
			);

		{
			// Check that enough current validators have signed off on the transaction batch and valset
			checkValidatorSignatures(
				_currentValidators,
				_currentPowers,
				_v,
				_r,
				_s,
				// Get hash of the transaction batch and checkpoint
				argsHash,
				state_powerThreshold
			);
		}

		// ACTIONS

		// Update invaldiation nonce
		state_invalidationMapping[_args.invalidationId] = _args.invalidationNonce;

		// Send tokens to the logic contract
		for (uint256 i = 0; i < _args.transferAmounts.length; i++) {
			IERC20(_args.transferTokenContracts[i]).safeTransfer(
				_args.logicContractAddress,
				_args.transferAmounts[i]
			);
		}

		// Make call to logic contract
		bytes memory returnData = Address.functionCall(_args.logicContractAddress, _args.payload);

		// Send fees to msg.sender
		for (uint256 i = 0; i < _args.feeAmounts.length; i++) {
			IERC20(_args.feeTokenContracts[i]).safeTransfer(msg.sender, _args.feeAmounts[i]);
		}

		// LOGS scoped to reduce stack depth
		{
			state_lastEventNonce = state_lastEventNonce.add(1);
			emit LogicCallEvent(
				_args.invalidationId,
				_args.invalidationNonce,
				state_lastEventNonce,
				returnData
			);
		}
	}

	function transferToChain(
		address _tokenContract,
		bytes32 _destinationChain,
		bytes32 _destination,
		uint256 _amount,
		uint256 _fee
	) public nonReentrant {
		IERC20(_tokenContract).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
		state_lastEventNonce = state_lastEventNonce.add(1);
		emit TransferToChainEvent(
			_tokenContract,
			msg.sender,
			_destinationChain,
			_destination,
			_amount,
			_fee,
			state_lastEventNonce
		);
	}

	function transferETHToChain(
		bytes32 _destinationChain,
		bytes32 _destination,
		uint256 _fee
	) public nonReentrant payable {
		IWETH(wethAddress).deposit{value: msg.value}();
		state_lastEventNonce = state_lastEventNonce.add(1);
		emit TransferToChainEvent(
			wethAddress,
			msg.sender,
			_destinationChain,
			_destination,
			msg.value,
			_fee,
			state_lastEventNonce
		);
	}

	function changeGuardian(address _guardian) public {
		require(msg.sender == guardian, "permission denied");

		guardian = _guardian;
	}

	function panicHalt(address[] memory _tokenContracts, address _safeAddress) public {
		require(msg.sender == guardian, "permission denied");

		for (uint256 i = 0; i < _tokenContracts.length; i++) {
			IERC20 token = IERC20(_tokenContracts[i]);
			token.safeTransfer(_safeAddress, token.balanceOf(address(this)));
		}
	}

	constructor(
		// A unique identifier for this gravity instance to use in signatures
		bytes32 _gravityId,
		// How much voting power is needed to approve operations
		uint256 _powerThreshold,
		// The validator set
		address[] memory _validators,
		uint256[] memory _powers,
		address[] memory _validators2,
		uint256[] memory _powers2,
		address _wethAddress,
		address _guardian
	) public {
		// CHECKS

		// Check that validators, powers, and signatures (v,r,s) set is well-formed
		require(_validators.length == _powers.length, "Malformed current validator set");

		// Check cumulative power to ensure the contract has sufficient power to actually
		// pass a vote
		uint256 cumulativePower = 0;
		for (uint256 i = 0; i < _powers.length; i++) {
			cumulativePower = cumulativePower + _powers[i];
			if (cumulativePower > _powerThreshold) {
				break;
			}
		}
		require(
			cumulativePower > _powerThreshold,
			"Submitted validator set signatures do not have enough power."
		);

		bytes32 newCheckpoint = makeCheckpoint(_validators2, _powers2, 3, _gravityId);

		// ACTIONS

		state_gravityId = _gravityId;
		state_powerThreshold = _powerThreshold;
		state_lastValsetCheckpoint = newCheckpoint;

		wethAddress = _wethAddress;
		guardian = _guardian;

		// LOGS

		emit ValsetUpdatedEvent(state_lastValsetNonce, state_lastEventNonce, _validators, _powers);
		emit ValsetUpdatedEvent(3, 2, _validators2, _powers2);
		state_lastValsetNonce = 3;
		state_lastEventNonce = 2;
	}
}

library TransferHelper {
    function safeApprove(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('approve(address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x095ea7b3, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: APPROVE_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransfer(address token, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transfer(address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0xa9059cbb, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(address token, address from, address to, uint value) internal {
        // bytes4(keccak256(bytes('transferFrom(address,address,uint256)')));
        (bool success, bytes memory data) = token.call(abi.encodeWithSelector(0x23b872dd, from, to, value));
        require(success && (data.length == 0 || abi.decode(data, (bool))), 'TransferHelper: TRANSFER_FROM_FAILED');
    }

    function safeTransferETH(address to, uint value) internal {
        (bool success,) = to.call{value:value}(new bytes(0));
        require(success, 'TransferHelper: ETH_TRANSFER_FAILED');
    }
}