Cryo Explorer Ethereum Mainnet

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {Ownable2StepUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
import {ERC20Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import {ERC20PermitUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20PermitUpgradeable.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/SafeCast.sol";
import {Initializable} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

import {xERC20} from "@protocol/xPOKT/xERC20.sol";
import {MintLimits} from "@protocol/xPOKT/MintLimits.sol";
import {ConfigurablePauseGuardian} from "@protocol/xPOKT/ConfigurablePauseGuardian.sol";

contract xPOKT is
    xERC20,
    ERC20PermitUpgradeable,
    Ownable2StepUpgradeable,
    ConfigurablePauseGuardian
{
    using SafeCast for uint256;

    /// @notice maximum rate limit per second is 25k
    uint128 public constant MAX_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND = 25_000 * 1e6;

    /// @notice minimum buffer cap
    uint112 public constant MIN_BUFFER_CAP = 1_000 * 1e6;

    /// @notice the maximum time the token can be paused for
    uint256 public constant MAX_PAUSE_DURATION = 30 days;

    /// @notice logic contract cannot be initialized
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// @notice POKT is represented with 6 decimals
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 6;
    }

    /// @notice initialize the xPOKT token
    /// @param tokenName The name of the token
    /// @param tokenSymbol The symbol of the token
    /// @param tokenOwner The owner of the token (currently DAO Multisig)
    /// @param newRateLimits The rate limits for the token
    function initialize(
        string memory tokenName,
        string memory tokenSymbol,
        address tokenOwner,
        MintLimits.RateLimitMidPointInfo[] memory newRateLimits,
        uint128 newPauseDuration,
        address newPauseGuardian
    ) external initializer {
        require(
            newPauseDuration <= MAX_PAUSE_DURATION,
            "xPOKT: pause duration too long"
        );
        __ERC20_init(tokenName, tokenSymbol);
        __ERC20Permit_init(tokenName);

        __Ownable_init();
        _addLimits(newRateLimits);

        /// pausing
        __Pausable_init();
        /// not really needed, but seems like good form
        _grantGuardian(newPauseGuardian);
        /// set the pause guardian
        _updatePauseDuration(newPauseDuration);

        _transferOwnership(tokenOwner);

        /// directly set the new owner without waiting for pending owner to accept
    }

    ///  ------------------------------------------------------------
    ///  ------------------------------------------------------------
    ///  ------------------- Overridden Pure Hooks ------------------
    ///  ------------------------------------------------------------
    ///  ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice the maximum amount of time the token can be paused for
    function maxPauseDuration() public pure override returns (uint256) {
        return MAX_PAUSE_DURATION;
    }

    /// @notice the maximum rate limit per second
    function maxRateLimitPerSecond() public pure override returns (uint128) {
        return MAX_RATE_LIMIT_PER_SECOND;
    }

    function minBufferCap() public pure override returns (uint112) {
        return MIN_BUFFER_CAP;
    }

    /// ------------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------- Overridden View Hooks ------------------
    /// ------------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice the total supply of the token
    function totalSupply()
        public
        view
        override(ERC20Upgradeable, xERC20)
        returns (uint256)
    {
        return super.totalSupply();
    }

    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------- Bridge Functions ---------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Mints tokens for a user
    /// @dev Can only be called by a minter
    /// @param user The address of the user who needs tokens minted
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens being minted
    function mint(address user, uint256 amount) public override whenNotPaused {
        super.mint(user, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Burns tokens for a user
    /// @dev Can only be called by a minter
    /// @param user The address of the user who needs tokens burned
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens being burned
    function burn(address user, uint256 amount) public override whenNotPaused {
        /// burn user's tokens
        super.burn(user, amount);
    }

    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------- Admin Functions ----------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev can only be called if the bridge already has a buffer cap
    /// @notice conform to the xERC20 setLimits interface
    /// @param bridge the bridge we are setting the limits of
    /// @param newBufferCap the new buffer cap, uint112 max for unlimited
    function setBufferCap(
        address bridge,
        uint256 newBufferCap
    ) public onlyOwner {
        _setBufferCap(bridge, newBufferCap.toUint112());

        emit BridgeLimitsSet(bridge, newBufferCap);
    }

    /// @dev can only be called if the bridge already has a buffer cap
    /// @notice set rate limit per second for a bridge
    /// @param bridge the bridge we are setting the limits of
    /// @param newRateLimitPerSecond the new rate limit per second
    function setRateLimitPerSecond(
        address bridge,
        uint128 newRateLimitPerSecond
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _setRateLimitPerSecond(bridge, newRateLimitPerSecond);
    }

    /// @notice grant new pause guardian
    /// @dev can only be called when unpaused, otherwise the
    /// contract can be paused again
    /// @param newPauseGuardian the new pause guardian
    function grantPauseGuardian(
        address newPauseGuardian
    ) external onlyOwner whenNotPaused {
        _grantGuardian(newPauseGuardian);
    }

    /// @notice unpauses this contract, only callable by owner
    /// allows the owner to unpause the contract when the guardian has paused
    function ownerUnpause() external onlyOwner whenPaused {
        _resetPauseState();
    }

    /// @notice update the pause duration
    /// can be called while the contract is paused, extending the pause duration
    /// this should only happen during an emergency where more time is needed
    /// before an upgrade.
    /// @param newPauseDuration the new pause duration
    function setPauseDuration(uint128 newPauseDuration) external onlyOwner {
        require(
            newPauseDuration <= MAX_PAUSE_DURATION,
            "xPOKT: pause duration too long"
        );
        _updatePauseDuration(newPauseDuration);
    }

    /// @notice add a new bridge to the currently active bridges
    /// @param newBridge the bridge to add
    function addBridge(
        RateLimitMidPointInfo memory newBridge
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _addLimit(newBridge);
    }

    /// @notice add new bridges to the currently active bridges
    /// @param newBridges the bridges to add
    function addBridges(
        RateLimitMidPointInfo[] memory newBridges
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _addLimits(newBridges);
    }

    /// @notice remove a bridge from the currently active bridges
    /// deleting its buffer stored, buffer cap, mid point and last
    /// buffer used time
    /// @param bridge the bridge to remove
    function removeBridge(address bridge) external onlyOwner {
        _removeLimit(bridge);
    }

    /// @notice remove a set of bridges from the currently active bridges
    /// deleting its buffer stored, buffer cap, mid point and last
    /// buffer used time
    /// @param bridges the bridges to remove
    function removeBridges(address[] memory bridges) external onlyOwner {
        _removeLimits(bridges);
    }

    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------- Internal Override Functions ------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice hook to stop users from transferring tokens to the xPOKT contract
    /// @param from the address to transfer from
    /// @param to the address to transfer to
    /// @param amount the amount to transfer
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal override {
        super._beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        require(
            to != address(this),
            "xERC20: cannot transfer to token contract"
        );
    }

    /// @notice mint tokens for a user
    function _mint(
        address user,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal override(ERC20Upgradeable, xERC20) {
        super._mint(user, amount);
    }

    /// @notice mint tokens for a user
    function _burn(
        address user,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal override(ERC20Upgradeable, xERC20) {
        super._burn(user, amount);
    }

    /// @notice spend allowance from a user
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual override(ERC20Upgradeable, xERC20) {
        super._spendAllowance(owner, spender, amount);
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {SafeCast} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/SafeCast.sol";
import {IXERC20} from "@protocol/xPOKT/interfaces/IXERC20.sol";
import {MintLimits} from "@protocol/xPOKT/MintLimits.sol";

abstract contract xERC20 is IXERC20, MintLimits {
    using SafeCast for uint256;

    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// -------------------- View Functions ------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Returns the max limit of a minter
    /// @param minter The minter we are viewing the limits of
    /// @return limit The limit the minter has
    function mintingMaxLimitOf(
        address minter
    ) external view returns (uint256 limit) {
        return bufferCap(minter);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the max limit of a bridge
    /// @param bridge the bridge we are viewing the limits of
    /// @return limit The limit the bridge has
    function burningMaxLimitOf(
        address bridge
    ) external view returns (uint256 limit) {
        return bufferCap(bridge);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current limit of a minter
    /// @param minter The minter we are viewing the limits of
    /// @return limit The limit the minter has
    function mintingCurrentLimitOf(
        address minter
    ) external view returns (uint256 limit) {
        return buffer(minter);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current limit of a bridge
    /// @param bridge the bridge we are viewing the limits of
    /// @return limit The limit the bridge has
    function burningCurrentLimitOf(
        address bridge
    ) external view returns (uint256 limit) {
        /// buffer <= bufferCap, so this can never revert, just return 0
        return bufferCap(bridge) - buffer(bridge);
    }

    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// --------------------- Bridge Functions ---------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Mints tokens for a user
    /// @dev Can only be called by a minter
    /// @param user The address of the user who needs tokens minted
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens being minted
    function mint(address user, uint256 amount) public virtual {
        /// first deplete buffer for the minter if not at max
        _depleteBuffer(msg.sender, amount);

        _mint(user, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Burns tokens for a user
    /// @dev Can only be called by a minter
    /// @param user The address of the user who needs tokens burned
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens being burned
    function burn(address user, uint256 amount) public virtual {
        /// first replenish buffer for the minter if not at max
        /// unauthorized sender reverts
        _replenishBuffer(msg.sender, amount);

        /// deplete bridge's allowance
        _spendAllowance(user, msg.sender, amount);

        /// burn user's tokens
        _burn(user, amount);
    }

    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------- Internal Override Functions ------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice mint tokens for a user
    function _mint(address, uint256) internal virtual;

    /// @notice total supply of tokens for this contract
    function totalSupply() public view virtual returns (uint256);

    /// @notice the maximum amount of time the token can be paused for
    function maxPauseDuration() public pure virtual returns (uint256);

    /// @notice burn tokens from a user
    function _burn(address user, uint256 amount) internal virtual;

    /// @notice spend allowance from a user
    function _spendAllowance(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual;
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {RateLimitedMidpointLibrary} from "@zelt/src/lib/RateLimitedMidpointLibrary.sol";
import {RateLimitMidPoint, RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary} from "@zelt/src/lib/RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary.sol";

abstract contract MintLimits {
    using RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary for RateLimitMidPoint;
    using RateLimitedMidpointLibrary for RateLimitMidPoint;

    /// @notice struct for initializing rate limit
    struct RateLimitMidPointInfo {
        /// @notice the buffer cap for this bridge
        uint112 bufferCap;
        /// @notice the rate limit per second for this bridge
        uint128 rateLimitPerSecond;
        /// @notice the bridge address
        address bridge;
    }

    /// @notice rate limit for each bridge contract
    mapping(address bridge => RateLimitMidPoint bridgeRateLimit)
        public rateLimits;

    /// @notice emitted when a rate limit is added or removed
    /// @param bridge the bridge address
    /// @param bufferCap the new buffer cap for this bridge
    /// @param rateLimitPerSecond the new rate limit per second for this bridge
    event ConfigurationChanged(
        address indexed bridge,
        uint112 bufferCap,
        uint128 rateLimitPerSecond
    );

    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// -------------------- View Functions ------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice the amount of action used before hitting limit
    /// @dev replenishes at rateLimitPerSecond per second up to bufferCap
    function buffer(address from) public view returns (uint256) {
        return rateLimits[from].buffer();
    }

    /// @notice the cap of the buffer for this address
    /// @param from address to get buffer cap for
    function bufferCap(address from) public view returns (uint256) {
        return rateLimits[from].bufferCap;
    }

    /// @notice the amount the buffer replenishes towards the midpoint per second
    /// @param from address to get rate limit for
    function rateLimitPerSecond(address from) public view returns (uint256) {
        return rateLimits[from].rateLimitPerSecond;
    }

    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// -------------- Internal Helper Functions -------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------

    //// ----------- Depleting and Replenishing Buffer --------------

    /// @notice the method that enforces the rate limit.
    /// Decreases buffer by "amount".
    /// If buffer is <= amount, revert
    /// @param amount to decrease buffer by
    function _depleteBuffer(address from, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(amount != 0, "MintLimits: deplete amount cannot be 0");
        rateLimits[from].depleteBuffer(amount);
    }

    /// @notice function to replenish buffer
    /// @param from address to set rate limit for
    /// @param amount to increase buffer by if under buffer cap
    function _replenishBuffer(address from, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(amount != 0, "MintLimits: replenish amount cannot be 0");
        rateLimits[from].replenishBuffer(amount);
    }

    //// -------------- Modifying Existing Limits -------------------

    /// @notice function to set rate limit per second
    /// @dev updates the current buffer and last buffer used time first,
    /// then sets the new rate limit per second
    /// @param from address to set rate limit for
    /// @param newRateLimitPerSecond new rate limit per second
    function _setRateLimitPerSecond(
        address from,
        uint128 newRateLimitPerSecond
    ) internal {
        require(
            newRateLimitPerSecond <= maxRateLimitPerSecond(),
            "MintLimits: rateLimitPerSecond too high"
        );
        require(
            rateLimits[from].bufferCap != 0,
            "MintLimits: non-existent rate limit"
        );

        rateLimits[from].setRateLimitPerSecond(newRateLimitPerSecond);

        emit ConfigurationChanged(
            from,
            rateLimits[from].bufferCap,
            newRateLimitPerSecond
        );
    }

    /// @notice function to set buffer cap
    /// @dev updates the current buffer and last buffer used time first,
    /// then sets the new buffer cap
    /// @param from address to set the buffer cap for
    /// @param newBufferCap new buffer cap
    function _setBufferCap(address from, uint112 newBufferCap) internal {
        require(newBufferCap != 0, "MintLimits: bufferCap cannot be 0");
        require(
            rateLimits[from].bufferCap != 0,
            "MintLimits: non-existent rate limit"
        );
        require(
            newBufferCap > minBufferCap(),
            "MintLimits: buffer cap below min"
        );

        rateLimits[from].setBufferCap(newBufferCap);

        emit ConfigurationChanged(
            from,
            newBufferCap,
            rateLimits[from].rateLimitPerSecond
        );
    }

    //// -------------- Adding Limits -------------------

    /// @notice Mint Limits bulk add function
    /// @param _rateLimits cap on buffer size for this rate limited instance
    /// contains the rate limit per second, buffer cap and bridge address
    function _addLimits(RateLimitMidPointInfo[] memory _rateLimits) internal {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _rateLimits.length; i++) {
            _addLimit(_rateLimits[i]);
        }
    }

    /// @notice add an individual rate limit
    /// @param rateLimit cap on buffer size for this rate limited instance
    function _addLimit(RateLimitMidPointInfo memory rateLimit) internal {
        require(
            rateLimit.rateLimitPerSecond <= maxRateLimitPerSecond(),
            "MintLimits: rateLimitPerSecond too high"
        );
        require(
            rateLimit.bridge != address(0),
            "MintLimits: invalid bridge address"
        );
        require(
            rateLimits[rateLimit.bridge].bufferCap == 0,
            "MintLimits: rate limit already exists"
        );
        require(
            rateLimit.bufferCap > minBufferCap(),
            "MintLimits: buffer cap below min"
        );

        rateLimits[rateLimit.bridge] = RateLimitMidPoint({
            bufferCap: rateLimit.bufferCap,
            lastBufferUsedTime: uint32(block.timestamp),
            bufferStored: uint112(rateLimit.bufferCap / 2),
            midPoint: uint112(rateLimit.bufferCap / 2),
            rateLimitPerSecond: rateLimit.rateLimitPerSecond
        });

        emit ConfigurationChanged(
            rateLimit.bridge,
            rateLimit.bufferCap,
            rateLimit.rateLimitPerSecond
        );
    }

    //// -------------- Removing Limits -------------------

    /// @notice remove multiple bridges from the rate limit mapping, deleting all data
    /// @param bridges the bridge addresses to remove
    function _removeLimits(address[] memory bridges) internal {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < bridges.length; i++) {
            _removeLimit(bridges[i]);
        }
    }

    /// @notice remove a bridge from the rate limit mapping, deleting all data
    /// @param bridge the bridge address to remove
    function _removeLimit(address bridge) internal {
        require(
            rateLimits[bridge].bufferCap != 0,
            "MintLimits: cannot remove non-existent rate limit"
        );

        delete rateLimits[bridge];

        emit ConfigurationChanged(bridge, 0, 0);
    }

    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ---------------------- Virtual Function --------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------
    //// ------------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice the maximum rate limit per second allowed in any bridge
    /// must be overridden by child contract
    function maxRateLimitPerSecond() public pure virtual returns (uint128);

    /// @notice the minimum buffer cap, non inclusive
    /// must be overridden by child contract
    function minBufferCap() public pure virtual returns (uint112);
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {ERC20} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

import {xPOKT} from "@protocol/xPOKT/xPOKT.sol";
import {XERC20Lockbox} from "@protocol/xPOKT/XERC20Lockbox.sol";
import {WormholeBridgeAdapter} from "@protocol/xPOKT/WormholeBridgeAdapter.sol";

/// @notice xPOKT Router Contract that allows users to bridge their WPOKT to xPOKT on the base chain
/// this reduces the amount of transactions needed from 4 to 2 to turn WPOKT into xPOKT
/// 1. approve the router to spend WPOKT
/// 2. call the bridgeTo function
/// This contract is permissionless and ungoverned.
/// If WPOKT is sent to it, it will be lost
/// If xPOKT is sent to it, it will be able to be used by the next user that converts WPOKT to xPOKT
contract WPOKTRouter {
    using SafeERC20 for ERC20;

    /// @notice the xPOKT token
    xPOKT public immutable xpokt;

    /// @notice standard WPOKT token
    ERC20 public immutable wpokt;

    /// @notice xPOKT lockbox to convert wpokt to xpokt
    XERC20Lockbox public immutable lockbox;

    /// @notice wormhole bridge adapter proxy
    WormholeBridgeAdapter public wormholeBridge;

    /// @notice event emitted when WPOKT is bridged to xPOKT
    event BridgeOutSuccess(uint16 chainId, address indexed to, uint256 amount);

    /// @notice initialize the xPOKT router
    /// @param _xpokt the xPOKT token
    /// @param _wpokt the standard POKT token
    /// @param _lockbox the xPOKT lockbox
    /// @param _wormholeBridge the wormhole bridge adapter proxy
    constructor(
        address _xpokt,
        address _wpokt,
        address _lockbox,
        address _wormholeBridge
    ) {
        xpokt = xPOKT(_xpokt);
        wpokt = ERC20(_wpokt);
        lockbox = XERC20Lockbox(_lockbox);
        wormholeBridge = WormholeBridgeAdapter(_wormholeBridge);
    }

    /// @notice returns the cost to mint tokens on the destination chain in native
    function bridgeCost(uint16 chainId) external view returns (uint256) {
        return wormholeBridge.bridgeCost(chainId);
    }

    /// @notice bridge WPOKT to xPOKT on any supported chain
    /// receiver address to receive the xPOKT is msg.sender
    /// @param amount amount of WPOKT to bridge
    function bridgeTo(uint16 chainId, uint256 amount) external payable {
        _bridgeTo(chainId, msg.sender, amount);
    }

    /// @notice bridge WPOKT to xPOKT on any supported chain
    /// @param to address to receive the xPOKT
    /// @param amount amount of WPOKT to bridge
    function bridgeTo(
        uint16 chainId,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external payable {
        _bridgeTo(chainId, to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice helper function to bridge POKT to xPOKT on any supported chain
    /// @param to address to receive the xPOKT
    /// @param amount amount of WPOKT to bridge
    function _bridgeTo(uint16 chainId, address to, uint256 amount) private {
        uint256 bridgeCostFee = wormholeBridge.bridgeCost(chainId);

        require(
            bridgeCostFee == msg.value,
            "WPOKTRouter: cost not equal to quote"
        );

        /// transfer WPOKT to this contract from the sender
        wpokt.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);

        /// approve the lockbox to spend the WPOKT
        wpokt.approve(address(lockbox), amount);

        /// deposit the WPOKT into the lockbox, which credits the router contract the xPOKT
        lockbox.deposit(amount);

        /// get the amount of xPOKT credited to the lockbox
        uint256 xpoktAmount = xpokt.balanceOf(address(this));

        /// approve the wormhole bridge to spend the xPOKT
        xpokt.approve(address(wormholeBridge), xpoktAmount);

        /// bridge the xPOKT to the destination chain
        wormholeBridge.bridge{value: bridgeCostFee}(chainId, xpoktAmount, to);

        emit BridgeOutSuccess(chainId, to, amount);
    }
}

pragma solidity =0.8.19;

/// @author Elliot Friedman
library Math {
    /// @notice return the smallest of two numbers
    /// @param a first number
    /// @param b second number
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) public pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? b : a;
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/ERC20.sol";

import {IXERC20} from "@protocol/xPOKT/interfaces/IXERC20.sol";
import {IXERC20Lockbox} from "@protocol/xPOKT/interfaces/IXERC20Lockbox.sol";

/// Invariants:
/// xERC20 token can only have total supply lte POKT ERC20 token balance of this contract
contract XERC20Lockbox is IXERC20Lockbox {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// @notice The XERC20 token of this contract
    IXERC20 public immutable XERC20;

    /// @notice The ERC20 token of this contract
    IERC20 public immutable ERC20;

    /// @param xpokt The address of the POKT XERC20 contract
    /// @param wpokt The address of the WPOKT ERC20 contract
    constructor(address xpokt, address wpokt) {
        XERC20 = IXERC20(xpokt);
        ERC20 = IERC20(wpokt);
    }

    /// @notice Deposit ERC20 tokens into the lockbox
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens to deposit
    function deposit(uint256 amount) external {
        _deposit(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Deposit ERC20 tokens into the lockbox, and send the XERC20 to a user
    /// @param to The user to send the XERC20 to
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens to deposit
    function depositTo(address to, uint256 amount) external {
        _deposit(to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Withdraw ERC20 tokens from the lockbox
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
    function withdraw(uint256 amount) external {
        _withdraw(msg.sender, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Withdraw tokens from the lockbox
    /// @param to The user to withdraw to
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
    function withdrawTo(address to, uint256 amount) external {
        _withdraw(to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Withdraw tokens from the lockbox
    /// @param to The user to withdraw to
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
    function _withdraw(address to, uint256 amount) internal {
        emit Withdraw(to, amount);

        XERC20.burn(msg.sender, amount);
        ERC20.safeTransfer(to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Deposit tokens into the lockbox
    /// @param to The address to send the XERC20 to
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens to deposit
    function _deposit(address to, uint256 amount) internal {
        ERC20.safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), amount);

        XERC20.mint(to, amount);
        emit Deposit(to, amount);
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {PausableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/security/PausableUpgradeable.sol";

/// @notice pause contract that has a duration for each pause period.
/// This contract has a pause duration and a pause start time.
/// Invariants:
///  - When the pause start time is non zero, the contract is able to return paused as true.
///  - Once the block timestamp is greater than the pause start time + pause duration, the
///  contract is automatically unpaused.
///  - Block timestamp gte pause start time && block timestamp lte pause start time + pause
///  duration, then the contract is paused
contract ConfigurablePause is PausableUpgradeable {
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------ SINGLE STORAGE SLOT ------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice pause start time, starts at 0 so contract is unpaused
    uint128 public pauseStartTime;

    /// @notice pause duration
    uint128 public pauseDuration;

    /// @notice event emitted when pause start time is updated
    /// @param newPauseStartTime new pause start time
    event PauseTimeUpdated(uint256 indexed newPauseStartTime);

    /// @notice event emitted when pause duration is updated
    /// @param oldPauseDuration old pause duration
    /// @param newPauseDuration new pause duration
    event PauseDurationUpdated(
        uint256 oldPauseDuration,
        uint256 newPauseDuration
    );

    /// @notice return the current pause status
    /// if pauseStartTime is 0, contract is not paused
    /// if pauseStartTime is not 0, contract could be paused in the pauseDuration window
    function paused() public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return
            pauseStartTime == 0
                ? false
                : block.timestamp <= pauseStartTime + pauseDuration;
    }

    /// ------------- INTERNAL HELPERS -------------

    /// @notice helper function to update the pause duration once the contract is paused
    /// @param newPauseDuration new pause duration
    function _updatePauseDuration(uint128 newPauseDuration) internal virtual {
        uint256 oldPauseDuration = pauseDuration;
        pauseDuration = newPauseDuration;

        emit PauseDurationUpdated(oldPauseDuration, pauseDuration);
    }

    /// @notice helper function to update the pause start time. used to pause the contract
    /// @param newPauseStartTime new pause start time
    function _setPauseTime(uint128 newPauseStartTime) internal {
        pauseStartTime = newPauseStartTime;

        emit PauseTimeUpdated(newPauseStartTime);
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

interface IXERC20 {
    /**
     * @notice Emits when a limit is set
     *
     * @param bridge The address of the bridge we are setting the limit too
     * @param bufferCap The updated buffer cap for the bridge
     */
    event BridgeLimitsSet(address indexed bridge, uint256 bufferCap);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the max limit of a minter
     *
     * @param _minter The minter we are viewing the limits of
     *  @return _limit The limit the minter has
     */
    function mintingMaxLimitOf(
        address _minter
    ) external view returns (uint256 _limit);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the max limit of a bridge
     *
     * @param _bridge the bridge we are viewing the limits of
     * @return _limit The limit the bridge has
     */

    function burningMaxLimitOf(
        address _bridge
    ) external view returns (uint256 _limit);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current limit of a minter
     *
     * @param _minter The minter we are viewing the limits of
     * @return _limit The limit the minter has
     */

    function mintingCurrentLimitOf(
        address _minter
    ) external view returns (uint256 _limit);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the current limit of a bridge
     *
     * @param _bridge the bridge we are viewing the limits of
     * @return _limit The limit the bridge has
     */

    function burningCurrentLimitOf(
        address _bridge
    ) external view returns (uint256 _limit);

    /**
     * @notice Mints tokens for a user
     * @dev Can only be called by a minter
     * @param _user The address of the user who needs tokens minted
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens being minted
     */

    function mint(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Burns tokens for a user
     * @dev Can only be called by a minter
     * @param _user The address of the user who needs tokens burned
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens being burned
     */

    function burn(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache 2

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title WormholeRelayer
 * @author
 * @notice This project allows developers to build cross-chain applications powered by Wormhole without needing to
 * write and run their own relaying infrastructure
 *
 * We implement the IWormholeRelayer interface that allows users to request a delivery provider to relay a payload (and/or additional messages)
 * to a chain and address of their choice.
 */

/**
 * @notice VaaKey identifies a wormhole message
 *
 * @custom:member chainId Wormhole chain ID of the chain where this VAA was emitted from
 * @custom:member emitterAddress Address of the emitter of the VAA, in Wormhole bytes32 format
 * @custom:member sequence Sequence number of the VAA
 */
struct VaaKey {
    uint16 chainId;
    bytes32 emitterAddress;
    uint64 sequence;
}

// 0-127 are reserved for standardized KeyTypes, 128-255 are for custom use
uint8 constant VAA_KEY_TYPE = 1;

struct MessageKey {
    uint8 keyType; // 0-127 are reserved for standardized KeyTypes, 128-255 are for custom use
    bytes encodedKey;
}

interface IWormholeRelayerBase {
    event SendEvent(
        uint64 indexed sequence,
        uint256 deliveryQuote,
        uint256 paymentForExtraReceiverValue
    );

    function getRegisteredWormholeRelayerContract(
        uint16 chainId
    ) external view returns (bytes32);

    /**
     * @notice Returns true if a delivery has been attempted for the given deliveryHash
     * Note: invalid deliveries where the tx reverts are not considered attempted
     */
    function deliveryAttempted(
        bytes32 deliveryHash
    ) external view returns (bool attempted);

    /**
     * @notice block number at which a delivery was successfully executed
     */
    function deliverySuccessBlock(
        bytes32 deliveryHash
    ) external view returns (uint256 blockNumber);

    /**
     * @notice block number of the latest attempt to execute a delivery that failed
     */
    function deliveryFailureBlock(
        bytes32 deliveryHash
    ) external view returns (uint256 blockNumber);
}

/**
 * @title IWormholeRelayerSend
 * @notice The interface to request deliveries
 */
interface IWormholeRelayerSend is IWormholeRelayerBase {
    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the default delivery provider
     * to relay a payload to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with gas limit `gasLimit` and `msg.value` equal to `receiverValue`
     *
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to `quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, gasLimit)`
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be paid to the delivery provider. In order to receive the refunds, use the `sendPayloadToEvm` function
     * with `refundChain` and `refundAddress` as parameters
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver)
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`.
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function sendPayloadToEvm(
        uint16 targetChain,
        address targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the default delivery provider
     * to relay a payload to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with gas limit `gasLimit` and `msg.value` equal to `receiverValue`
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be sent to `refundAddress` on chain `refundChain`
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to `quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, gasLimit)`
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver)
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`. Any units of gas unused will be refunded according to the
     *        `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` rate quoted by the delivery provider
     * @param refundChain The chain to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param refundAddress The address on `refundChain` to deliver any refund to
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function sendPayloadToEvm(
        uint16 targetChain,
        address targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint16 refundChain,
        address refundAddress
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the default delivery provider
     * to relay a payload and VAAs specified by `vaaKeys` to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with gas limit `gasLimit` and `msg.value` equal to `receiverValue`
     *
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to `quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, gasLimit)`
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be paid to the delivery provider. In order to receive the refunds, use the `sendVaasToEvm` function
     * with `refundChain` and `refundAddress` as parameters
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver)
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`.
     * @param vaaKeys Additional VAAs to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function sendVaasToEvm(
        uint16 targetChain,
        address targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        VaaKey[] memory vaaKeys
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the default delivery provider
     * to relay a payload and VAAs specified by `vaaKeys` to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with gas limit `gasLimit` and `msg.value` equal to `receiverValue`
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be sent to `refundAddress` on chain `refundChain`
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to `quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, gasLimit)`
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver)
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`. Any units of gas unused will be refunded according to the
     *        `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` rate quoted by the delivery provider
     * @param vaaKeys Additional VAAs to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param refundChain The chain to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param refundAddress The address on `refundChain` to deliver any refund to
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function sendVaasToEvm(
        uint16 targetChain,
        address targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        VaaKey[] memory vaaKeys,
        uint16 refundChain,
        address refundAddress
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the delivery provider at `deliveryProviderAddress`
     * to relay a payload and VAAs specified by `vaaKeys` to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with gas limit `gasLimit` and `msg.value` equal to
     * receiverValue + (arbitrary amount that is paid for by paymentForExtraReceiverValue of this chain's wei) in targetChain wei.
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be sent to `refundAddress` on chain `refundChain`
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to
     * quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, gasLimit, deliveryProviderAddress) + paymentForExtraReceiverValue
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver)
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param paymentForExtraReceiverValue amount (in current chain currency units) to spend on extra receiverValue
     *        (in addition to the `receiverValue` specified)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`. Any units of gas unused will be refunded according to the
     *        `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` rate quoted by the delivery provider
     * @param refundChain The chain to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param refundAddress The address on `refundChain` to deliver any refund to
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @param vaaKeys Additional VAAs to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param consistencyLevel Consistency level with which to publish the delivery instructions - see
     *        https://book.wormhole.com/wormhole/3_coreLayerContracts.html?highlight=consistency#consistency-levels
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function sendToEvm(
        uint16 targetChain,
        address targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 paymentForExtraReceiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint16 refundChain,
        address refundAddress,
        address deliveryProviderAddress,
        VaaKey[] memory vaaKeys,
        uint8 consistencyLevel
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the delivery provider at `deliveryProviderAddress`
     * to relay a payload and external messages specified by `messageKeys` to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with gas limit `gasLimit` and `msg.value` equal to
     * receiverValue + (arbitrary amount that is paid for by paymentForExtraReceiverValue of this chain's wei) in targetChain wei.
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be sent to `refundAddress` on chain `refundChain`
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to
     * quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, gasLimit, deliveryProviderAddress) + paymentForExtraReceiverValue
     *
     * Note: MessageKeys can specify wormhole messages (VaaKeys) or other types of messages (ex. USDC CCTP attestations). Ensure the selected
     * DeliveryProvider supports all the MessageKey.keyType values specified or it will not be delivered!
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver)
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param paymentForExtraReceiverValue amount (in current chain currency units) to spend on extra receiverValue
     *        (in addition to the `receiverValue` specified)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`. Any units of gas unused will be refunded according to the
     *        `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` rate quoted by the delivery provider
     * @param refundChain The chain to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param refundAddress The address on `refundChain` to deliver any refund to
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @param messageKeys Additional messagess to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param consistencyLevel Consistency level with which to publish the delivery instructions - see
     *        https://book.wormhole.com/wormhole/3_coreLayerContracts.html?highlight=consistency#consistency-levels
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function sendToEvm(
        uint16 targetChain,
        address targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 paymentForExtraReceiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        uint16 refundChain,
        address refundAddress,
        address deliveryProviderAddress,
        MessageKey[] memory messageKeys,
        uint8 consistencyLevel
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the delivery provider at `deliveryProviderAddress`
     * to relay a payload and VAAs specified by `vaaKeys` to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with `msg.value` equal to
     * receiverValue + (arbitrary amount that is paid for by paymentForExtraReceiverValue of this chain's wei) in targetChain wei.
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be sent to `refundAddress` on chain `refundChain`
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to
     * quoteDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, encodedExecutionParameters, deliveryProviderAddress) + paymentForExtraReceiverValue
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver), in Wormhole bytes32 format
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param paymentForExtraReceiverValue amount (in current chain currency units) to spend on extra receiverValue
     *        (in addition to the `receiverValue` specified)
     * @param encodedExecutionParameters encoded information on how to execute delivery that may impact pricing
     *        e.g. for version EVM_V1, this is a struct that encodes the `gasLimit` with which to call `targetAddress`
     * @param refundChain The chain to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param refundAddress The address on `refundChain` to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole bytes32 format
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @param vaaKeys Additional VAAs to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param consistencyLevel Consistency level with which to publish the delivery instructions - see
     *        https://book.wormhole.com/wormhole/3_coreLayerContracts.html?highlight=consistency#consistency-levels
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function send(
        uint16 targetChain,
        bytes32 targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 paymentForExtraReceiverValue,
        bytes memory encodedExecutionParameters,
        uint16 refundChain,
        bytes32 refundAddress,
        address deliveryProviderAddress,
        VaaKey[] memory vaaKeys,
        uint8 consistencyLevel
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Publishes an instruction for the delivery provider at `deliveryProviderAddress`
     * to relay a payload and VAAs specified by `vaaKeys` to the address `targetAddress` on chain `targetChain`
     * with `msg.value` equal to
     * receiverValue + (arbitrary amount that is paid for by paymentForExtraReceiverValue of this chain's wei) in targetChain wei.
     *
     * Any refunds (from leftover gas) will be sent to `refundAddress` on chain `refundChain`
     * `targetAddress` must implement the IWormholeReceiver interface
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to
     * quoteDeliveryPrice(targetChain, receiverValue, encodedExecutionParameters, deliveryProviderAddress) + paymentForExtraReceiverValue
     *
     * Note: MessageKeys can specify wormhole messages (VaaKeys) or other types of messages (ex. USDC CCTP attestations). Ensure the selected
     * DeliveryProvider supports all the MessageKey.keyType values specified or it will not be delivered!
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param targetAddress address to call on targetChain (that implements IWormholeReceiver), in Wormhole bytes32 format
     * @param payload arbitrary bytes to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param paymentForExtraReceiverValue amount (in current chain currency units) to spend on extra receiverValue
     *        (in addition to the `receiverValue` specified)
     * @param encodedExecutionParameters encoded information on how to execute delivery that may impact pricing
     *        e.g. for version EVM_V1, this is a struct that encodes the `gasLimit` with which to call `targetAddress`
     * @param refundChain The chain to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param refundAddress The address on `refundChain` to deliver any refund to, in Wormhole bytes32 format
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @param messageKeys Additional messagess to pass in as parameter in call to `targetAddress`
     * @param consistencyLevel Consistency level with which to publish the delivery instructions - see
     *        https://book.wormhole.com/wormhole/3_coreLayerContracts.html?highlight=consistency#consistency-levels
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing delivery instructions
     */
    function send(
        uint16 targetChain,
        bytes32 targetAddress,
        bytes memory payload,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 paymentForExtraReceiverValue,
        bytes memory encodedExecutionParameters,
        uint16 refundChain,
        bytes32 refundAddress,
        address deliveryProviderAddress,
        MessageKey[] memory messageKeys,
        uint8 consistencyLevel
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Requests a previously published delivery instruction to be redelivered
     * (e.g. with a different delivery provider)
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to
     * quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(targetChain, newReceiverValue, newGasLimit, newDeliveryProviderAddress)
     *
     *  @notice *** This will only be able to succeed if the following is true **
     *         - newGasLimit >= gas limit of the old instruction
     *         - newReceiverValue >= receiver value of the old instruction
     *         - newDeliveryProvider's `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` >= old relay provider's `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused`
     *
     * @param deliveryVaaKey VaaKey identifying the wormhole message containing the
     *        previously published delivery instructions
     * @param targetChain The target chain that the original delivery targeted. Must match targetChain from original delivery instructions
     * @param newReceiverValue new msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param newGasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`. Any units of gas unused will be refunded according to the
     *        `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` rate quoted by the delivery provider, to the refund chain and address specified in the original request
     * @param newDeliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing redelivery instructions
     *
     * @notice *** This will only be able to succeed if the following is true **
     *         - newGasLimit >= gas limit of the old instruction
     *         - newReceiverValue >= receiver value of the old instruction
     */
    function resendToEvm(
        VaaKey memory deliveryVaaKey,
        uint16 targetChain,
        uint256 newReceiverValue,
        uint256 newGasLimit,
        address newDeliveryProviderAddress
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Requests a previously published delivery instruction to be redelivered
     *
     *
     * This function must be called with `msg.value` equal to
     * quoteDeliveryPrice(targetChain, newReceiverValue, newEncodedExecutionParameters, newDeliveryProviderAddress)
     *
     * @param deliveryVaaKey VaaKey identifying the wormhole message containing the
     *        previously published delivery instructions
     * @param targetChain The target chain that the original delivery targeted. Must match targetChain from original delivery instructions
     * @param newReceiverValue new msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param newEncodedExecutionParameters new encoded information on how to execute delivery that may impact pricing
     *        e.g. for version EVM_V1, this is a struct that encodes the `gasLimit` with which to call `targetAddress`
     * @param newDeliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @return sequence sequence number of published VAA containing redelivery instructions
     *
     *  @notice *** This will only be able to succeed if the following is true **
     *         - (For EVM_V1) newGasLimit >= gas limit of the old instruction
     *         - newReceiverValue >= receiver value of the old instruction
     *         - (For EVM_V1) newDeliveryProvider's `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused` >= old relay provider's `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused`
     */
    function resend(
        VaaKey memory deliveryVaaKey,
        uint16 targetChain,
        uint256 newReceiverValue,
        bytes memory newEncodedExecutionParameters,
        address newDeliveryProviderAddress
    ) external payable returns (uint64 sequence);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the price to request a relay to chain `targetChain`, using the default delivery provider
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`.
     * @return nativePriceQuote Price, in units of current chain currency, that the delivery provider charges to perform the relay
     * @return targetChainRefundPerGasUnused amount of target chain currency that will be refunded per unit of gas unused,
     *         if a refundAddress is specified.
     *         Note: This value can be overridden by the delivery provider on the target chain. The returned value here should be considered to be a
     *         promise by the delivery provider of the amount of refund per gas unused that will be returned to the refundAddress at the target chain.
     *         If a delivery provider decides to override, this will be visible as part of the emitted Delivery event on the target chain.
     */
    function quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(
        uint16 targetChain,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit
    )
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint256 nativePriceQuote,
            uint256 targetChainRefundPerGasUnused
        );

    /**
     * @notice Returns the price to request a relay to chain `targetChain`, using delivery provider `deliveryProviderAddress`
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param gasLimit gas limit with which to call `targetAddress`.
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @return nativePriceQuote Price, in units of current chain currency, that the delivery provider charges to perform the relay
     * @return targetChainRefundPerGasUnused amount of target chain currency that will be refunded per unit of gas unused,
     *         if a refundAddress is specified
     *         Note: This value can be overridden by the delivery provider on the target chain. The returned value here should be considered to be a
     *         promise by the delivery provider of the amount of refund per gas unused that will be returned to the refundAddress at the target chain.
     *         If a delivery provider decides to override, this will be visible as part of the emitted Delivery event on the target chain.
     */
    function quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(
        uint16 targetChain,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        uint256 gasLimit,
        address deliveryProviderAddress
    )
        external
        view
        returns (
            uint256 nativePriceQuote,
            uint256 targetChainRefundPerGasUnused
        );

    /**
     * @notice Returns the price to request a relay to chain `targetChain`, using delivery provider `deliveryProviderAddress`
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param receiverValue msg.value that delivery provider should pass in for call to `targetAddress` (in targetChain currency units)
     * @param encodedExecutionParameters encoded information on how to execute delivery that may impact pricing
     *        e.g. for version EVM_V1, this is a struct that encodes the `gasLimit` with which to call `targetAddress`
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @return nativePriceQuote Price, in units of current chain currency, that the delivery provider charges to perform the relay
     * @return encodedExecutionInfo encoded information on how the delivery will be executed
     *        e.g. for version EVM_V1, this is a struct that encodes the `gasLimit` and `targetChainRefundPerGasUnused`
     *             (which is the amount of target chain currency that will be refunded per unit of gas unused,
     *              if a refundAddress is specified)
     */
    function quoteDeliveryPrice(
        uint16 targetChain,
        uint256 receiverValue,
        bytes memory encodedExecutionParameters,
        address deliveryProviderAddress
    )
        external
        view
        returns (uint256 nativePriceQuote, bytes memory encodedExecutionInfo);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the (extra) amount of target chain currency that `targetAddress`
     * will be called with, if the `paymentForExtraReceiverValue` field is set to `currentChainAmount`
     *
     * @param targetChain in Wormhole Chain ID format
     * @param currentChainAmount The value that `paymentForExtraReceiverValue` will be set to
     * @param deliveryProviderAddress The address of the desired delivery provider's implementation of IDeliveryProvider
     * @return targetChainAmount The amount such that if `targetAddress` will be called with `msg.value` equal to
     *         receiverValue + targetChainAmount
     */
    function quoteNativeForChain(
        uint16 targetChain,
        uint256 currentChainAmount,
        address deliveryProviderAddress
    ) external view returns (uint256 targetChainAmount);

    /**
     * @notice Returns the address of the current default delivery provider
     * @return deliveryProvider The address of (the default delivery provider)'s contract on this source
     *   chain. This must be a contract that implements IDeliveryProvider.
     */
    function getDefaultDeliveryProvider()
        external
        view
        returns (address deliveryProvider);
}

/**
 * @title IWormholeRelayerDelivery
 * @notice The interface to execute deliveries. Only relevant for Delivery Providers
 */
interface IWormholeRelayerDelivery is IWormholeRelayerBase {
    enum DeliveryStatus {
        SUCCESS,
        RECEIVER_FAILURE
    }

    enum RefundStatus {
        REFUND_SENT,
        REFUND_FAIL,
        CROSS_CHAIN_REFUND_SENT,
        CROSS_CHAIN_REFUND_FAIL_PROVIDER_NOT_SUPPORTED,
        CROSS_CHAIN_REFUND_FAIL_NOT_ENOUGH,
        NO_REFUND_REQUESTED
    }

    /**
     * @custom:member recipientContract - The target contract address
     * @custom:member sourceChain - The chain which this delivery was requested from (in wormhole
     *     ChainID format)
     * @custom:member sequence - The wormhole sequence number of the delivery VAA on the source chain
     *     corresponding to this delivery request
     * @custom:member deliveryVaaHash - The hash of the delivery VAA corresponding to this delivery
     *     request
     * @custom:member gasUsed - The amount of gas that was used to call your target contract
     * @custom:member status:
     *   - RECEIVER_FAILURE, if the target contract reverts
     *   - SUCCESS, if the target contract doesn't revert
     * @custom:member additionalStatusInfo:
     *   - If status is SUCCESS, then this is empty.
     *   - If status is RECEIVER_FAILURE, this is `RETURNDATA_TRUNCATION_THRESHOLD` bytes of the
     *       return data (i.e. potentially truncated revert reason information).
     * @custom:member refundStatus - Result of the refund. REFUND_SUCCESS or REFUND_FAIL are for
     *     refunds where targetChain=refundChain; the others are for targetChain!=refundChain,
     *     where a cross chain refund is necessary, or if the default code path is used where no refund is requested (NO_REFUND_REQUESTED)
     * @custom:member overridesInfo:
     *   - If not an override: empty bytes array
     *   - Otherwise: An encoded `DeliveryOverride`
     */
    event Delivery(
        address indexed recipientContract,
        uint16 indexed sourceChain,
        uint64 indexed sequence,
        bytes32 deliveryVaaHash,
        DeliveryStatus status,
        uint256 gasUsed,
        RefundStatus refundStatus,
        bytes additionalStatusInfo,
        bytes overridesInfo
    );

    /**
     * @notice The delivery provider calls `deliver` to relay messages as described by one delivery instruction
     *
     * The delivery provider must pass in the specified (by VaaKeys[]) signed wormhole messages (VAAs) from the source chain
     * as well as the signed wormhole message with the delivery instructions (the delivery VAA)
     *
     * The messages will be relayed to the target address (with the specified gas limit and receiver value) iff the following checks are met:
     * - the delivery VAA has a valid signature
     * - the delivery VAA's emitter is one of these WormholeRelayer contracts
     * - the delivery provider passed in at least enough of this chain's currency as msg.value (enough meaning the maximum possible refund)
     * - the instruction's target chain is this chain
     * - the relayed signed VAAs match the descriptions in container.messages (the VAA hashes match, or the emitter address, sequence number pair matches, depending on the description given)
     *
     * @param encodedVMs - An array of signed wormhole messages (all from the same source chain
     *     transaction)
     * @param encodedDeliveryVAA - Signed wormhole message from the source chain's WormholeRelayer
     *     contract with payload being the encoded delivery instruction container
     * @param relayerRefundAddress - The address to which any refunds to the delivery provider
     *     should be sent
     * @param deliveryOverrides - Optional overrides field which must be either an empty bytes array or
     *     an encoded DeliveryOverride struct
     */
    function deliver(
        bytes[] memory encodedVMs,
        bytes memory encodedDeliveryVAA,
        address payable relayerRefundAddress,
        bytes memory deliveryOverrides
    ) external payable;
}

interface IWormholeRelayer is IWormholeRelayerDelivery, IWormholeRelayerSend {}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {Ownable2StepUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin-contracts-upgradeable/contracts/access/Ownable2StepUpgradeable.sol";
import {SafeERC20} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol";
import {IERC20} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol";

import {IXERC20} from "@protocol/xPOKT/interfaces/IXERC20.sol";

/// @notice Abstract Upgradeable xERC20 Adapter Contract
abstract contract xERC20BridgeAdapter is Ownable2StepUpgradeable {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /// @notice address of the xERC20 token
    IXERC20 public xERC20;

    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------------ Events ------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice emitted when tokens are bridged out
    /// @param dstChainId destination chain id to send tokens to
    /// @param bridgeUser user who bridged out tokens
    /// @param tokenReceiver address to receive tokens on destination chain
    /// @param amount of tokens bridged out
    event BridgedOut(
        uint256 indexed dstChainId,
        address indexed bridgeUser,
        address indexed tokenReceiver,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /// @notice emitted when tokens are bridged in
    /// @param srcChainId source chain id tokens were bridged from
    /// @param tokenReceiver address to receive tokens on destination chain
    /// @param amount of tokens bridged in
    event BridgedIn(
        uint256 indexed srcChainId,
        address indexed tokenReceiver,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /// @notice ensure logic contract is unusable
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// @notice Bridge Out Funds to an external chain
    /// @param dstChainId Destination chain id
    /// @param amount Amount of xERC20 to bridge out
    /// @param to Address to receive funds on destination chain
    function bridge(
        uint256 dstChainId,
        uint256 amount,
        address to
    ) external payable virtual {
        _bridgeOut(msg.sender, dstChainId, amount, to);

        emit BridgedOut(dstChainId, msg.sender, to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice set the xERC20 token
    /// @param newxerc20 address of the xERC20 token
    function _setxERC20(address newxerc20) internal {
        xERC20 = IXERC20(newxerc20);
    }

    /// @notice Bridge out funds from the chain from the given user
    /// by burning their tokens. The bridge out function must call
    /// this function in the overridden bridge out function.
    /// @param user to bridge out funds from
    /// @param amount of xERC20 tokens to bridge out
    function _burnTokens(address user, uint256 amount) internal {
        xERC20.burn(user, amount);
    }

    /// @notice Bridge in funds from the chain from the given user
    /// by minting tokens to the user
    /// @param chainId chain id funds are bridged from
    /// @param user to bridge in funds to
    /// @param amount of xERC20 tokens to bridge in
    function _bridgeIn(
        uint256 chainId,
        address user,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal virtual {
        xERC20.mint(user, amount);

        emit BridgedIn(chainId, user, amount);
    }

    /// @notice bridge tokens from this chain to the dstChain
    /// @param user address burning tokens and funding the cross chain call
    /// @param dstChainId destination chain id
    /// @param amount amount of tokens to bridge
    /// @param to address to receive tokens on the destination chain
    function _bridgeOut(
        address user,
        uint256 dstChainId,
        uint256 amount,
        address to
    ) internal virtual;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache 2

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @notice Interface for a contract which can receive Wormhole messages.
 */
interface IWormholeReceiver {
    /**
     * @notice When a `send` is performed with this contract as the target, this function will be
     *     invoked by the WormholeRelayer contract
     *
     * NOTE: This function should be restricted such that only the Wormhole Relayer contract can call it.
     *
     * We also recommend that this function checks that `sourceChain` and `sourceAddress` are indeed who
     *       you expect to have requested the calling of `send` on the source chain
     *
     * The invocation of this function corresponding to the `send` request will have msg.value equal
     *   to the receiverValue specified in the send request.
     *
     * If the invocation of this function reverts or exceeds the gas limit
     *   specified by the send requester, this delivery will result in a `ReceiverFailure`.
     *
     * @param payload - an arbitrary message which was included in the delivery by the
     *     requester. This message's signature will already have been verified (as long as msg.sender is the Wormhole Relayer contract)
     * @param additionalMessages - Additional messages which were requested to be included in this delivery.
     *      Note: There are no contract-level guarantees that the messages in this array are what was requested
     *      so **you should verify any sensitive information given here!**
     *
     *      For example, if a 'VaaKey' was specified on the source chain, then MAKE SURE the corresponding message here
     *      has valid signatures (by calling `parseAndVerifyVM(message)` on the Wormhole core contract)
     *
     *      This field can be used to perform and relay TokenBridge or CCTP transfers, and there are example
     *      usages of this at
     *         https://github.com/wormhole-foundation/hello-token
     *         https://github.com/wormhole-foundation/hello-cctp
     *
     * @param sourceAddress - the (wormhole format) address on the sending chain which requested
     *     this delivery.
     * @param sourceChain - the wormhole chain ID where this delivery was requested.
     * @param deliveryHash - the VAA hash of the deliveryVAA.
     *
     */
    function receiveWormholeMessages(
        bytes memory payload,
        bytes[] memory additionalMessages,
        bytes32 sourceAddress,
        uint16 sourceChain,
        bytes32 deliveryHash
    ) external payable;
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {xERC20BridgeAdapter} from "@protocol/xPOKT/xERC20BridgeAdapter.sol";
import {SafeCast} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/math/SafeCast.sol";

import {IWormholeRelayer} from "@protocol/wormhole/IWormholeRelayer.sol";
import {IWormholeReceiver} from "@protocol/wormhole/IWormholeReceiver.sol";
import {WormholeTrustedSender} from "@protocol/governance/WormholeTrustedSender.sol";

/// @notice Wormhole xERC20 Token Bridge adapter
contract WormholeBridgeAdapter is
    IWormholeReceiver,
    xERC20BridgeAdapter,
    WormholeTrustedSender
{
    using SafeCast for uint256;

    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------ SINGLE STORAGE SLOT ------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------

    /// @dev packing these variables into a single slot saves a
    /// COLD SLOAD on bridge out operations.

    /// @notice gas limit for wormhole relayer, changeable incase gas prices change on external network
    uint96 public gasLimit = 300_000;

    /// @notice address of the wormhole relayer cannot be changed by owner
    /// because the relayer contract is a proxy and should never change its address
    IWormholeRelayer public wormholeRelayer;

    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ----------------------- MAPPINGS ------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice nonces that have already been processed
    mapping(bytes32 => bool) public processedNonces;

    /// @notice chain id of the target chain to address for bridging
    /// starts off mapped to itself, but can be changed by governance
    mapping(uint16 => address) public targetAddress;

    /// @notice chain-specific gas limit for wormhole relayer, changeable incase gas prices change on external network
    mapping(uint16 => uint96) public customGasLimits;

    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ------------------------ EVENTS -------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice chain id of the target chain to address for bridging
    /// @param targetChainId source chain id tokens were bridged from
    /// @param tokenReceiver address to receive tokens on destination chain
    /// @param amount of tokens bridged in
    event TokensSent(
        uint16 indexed targetChainId,
        address indexed tokenReceiver,
        uint256 amount
    );

    /// @notice chain id of the target chain to address for bridging
    /// @param targetChainId destination chain id to send tokens to
    /// @param target address to send tokens to
    event TargetAddressUpdated(
        uint16 indexed targetChainId,
        address indexed target
    );

    /// @notice emitted when the gas limit changes on external chains
    /// @param oldGasLimit old gas limit
    /// @param newGasLimit new gas limit
    event GasLimitUpdated(uint96 oldGasLimit, uint96 newGasLimit);

    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------- INITIALIZE -----------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Initialize the Wormhole bridge
    /// @param newxerc20 xERC20 token address
    /// @param newOwner contract owner address
    /// @param wormholeRelayerAddress address of the wormhole relayer
    /// @param targetChains chain id of the target chain to address for bridging
    function initialize(
        address newxerc20,
        address newOwner,
        address wormholeRelayerAddress,
        uint16[] memory targetChains
    ) public initializer {
        __Ownable_init();
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
        _setxERC20(newxerc20);

        wormholeRelayer = IWormholeRelayer(wormholeRelayerAddress);

        /// initialize contract to trust this exact same address on an external chain
        /// @dev the external chain contracts MUST HAVE THE SAME ADDRESS on the external chain
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < targetChains.length; i++) {
            targetAddress[targetChains[i]] = address(this);
            _addTrustedSender(address(this), targetChains[i]);
        }

        /// @dev default starting gas limit for relayer
        gasLimit = 300_000;
    }

    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------- Admin Only Functions ------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice set a gas limit for the relayer on the external chain
    /// should only be called if there is a change in gas prices on the external chain
    /// @param newGasLimit new gas limit to set
    function setGasLimit(uint96 newGasLimit) external onlyOwner {
        uint96 oldGasLimit = gasLimit;
        gasLimit = newGasLimit;

        emit GasLimitUpdated(oldGasLimit, newGasLimit);
    }

    /// @notice set a custom gas limit for the relayer on the external chain
    /// should only be called if there is a change in gas prices on the specific external chain
    /// @param chainId target chain id
    /// @param newGasLimit new gas limit to set
    function setCustomGasLimit(uint16 chainId, uint96 newGasLimit) external onlyOwner {
        customGasLimits[chainId] = newGasLimit;
    }

    /// @notice remove trusted senders from external chains
    /// @param _trustedSenders array of trusted senders to remove
    function removeTrustedSenders(
        WormholeTrustedSender.TrustedSender[] memory _trustedSenders
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _removeTrustedSenders(_trustedSenders);
    }

    /// @notice add trusted senders from external chains
    /// @param _trustedSenders array of trusted senders to add
    function addTrustedSenders(
        WormholeTrustedSender.TrustedSender[] memory _trustedSenders
    ) external onlyOwner {
        _addTrustedSenders(_trustedSenders);
    }

    /// @notice add map of target addresses for external chains
    /// @dev there is no check here to ensure there isn't an existing configuration
    /// ensure the proper add or remove is being called when using this function
    /// @param _chainConfig array of chainids to addresses to add
    function setTargetAddresses(
        WormholeTrustedSender.TrustedSender[] memory _chainConfig
    ) external onlyOwner {
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _chainConfig.length; i++) {
            targetAddress[_chainConfig[i].chainId] = _chainConfig[i].addr;

            emit TargetAddressUpdated(
                _chainConfig[i].chainId,
                _chainConfig[i].addr
            );
        }
    }

    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// ---------------- View Only Functions -------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Estimate bridge cost to bridge out to a destination chain
    /// @param targetChainId Destination chain id
    function bridgeCost(
        uint16 targetChainId
    ) public view returns (uint256 gasCost) {
        uint96 _gasLimit = chainGasLimit(targetChainId);

        (gasCost, ) = wormholeRelayer.quoteEVMDeliveryPrice(
            targetChainId,
            0,
            _gasLimit
        );
    }

    /// @notice Returns gas limit for the relayer on the external chain
    /// @param targetChainId Destination chain id
    function chainGasLimit(
        uint16 targetChainId
    ) public view returns (uint96) {
        if (customGasLimits[targetChainId] != 0) {
            return customGasLimits[targetChainId];
        }

        return gasLimit;
    }

    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// -------------------- Bridge In/Out ---------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------
    /// --------------------------------------------------------

    /// @notice Bridge Out Funds to an external chain.
    /// Callable by the users to bridge out their funds to an external chain.
    /// If a user sends tokens to the token contract on the external chain,
    /// that call will revert, and the tokens will be lost permanently.
    /// @param user to send funds from, should be msg.sender in all cases
    /// @param targetChain Destination chain id
    /// @param amount Amount of xERC20 to bridge out
    /// @param to Address to receive funds on destination chain
    function _bridgeOut(
        address user,
        uint256 targetChain,
        uint256 amount,
        address to
    ) internal override {
        uint16 targetChainId = targetChain.toUint16();
        uint96 _gasLimit = chainGasLimit(targetChainId);
        uint256 cost = bridgeCost(targetChainId);
        require(msg.value == cost, "WormholeBridge: cost not equal to quote");
        require(
            targetAddress[targetChainId] != address(0),
            "WormholeBridge: invalid target chain"
        );

        /// user must burn xERC20 tokens first
        _burnTokens(user, amount);

        wormholeRelayer.sendPayloadToEvm{value: cost}(
            targetChainId,
            targetAddress[targetChainId],
            // payload
            abi.encode(to, amount),
            /// no receiver value allowed, only message passing
            0,
            _gasLimit,
            targetChainId,
            to
        );

        emit TokensSent(targetChainId, to, amount);
    }

    /// @notice callable only by the wormhole relayer
    /// @param payload the payload of the message, contains the to and amount
    /// additional vaas, unused parameter
    /// @param senderAddress the address of the sender on the source chain, bytes32 encoded
    /// @param sourceChain the chain id of the source chain
    /// @param nonce the unique message ID
    function receiveWormholeMessages(
        bytes memory payload,
        bytes[] memory, // additionalVaas
        bytes32 senderAddress,
        uint16 sourceChain,
        bytes32 nonce
    ) external payable override {
        require(msg.value == 0, "WormholeBridge: no value allowed");
        require(
            msg.sender == address(wormholeRelayer),
            "WormholeBridge: only relayer allowed"
        );
        require(
            isTrustedSender(sourceChain, senderAddress),
            "WormholeBridge: sender not trusted"
        );
        require(
            !processedNonces[nonce],
            "WormholeBridge: message already processed"
        );

        processedNonces[nonce] = true;

        // Parse the payload and do the corresponding actions!
        (address to, uint256 amount) = abi.decode(payload, (address, uint256));

        /// mint tokens and emit events
        _bridgeIn(sourceChain, to, amount);
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {ConfigurablePause} from "@protocol/xPOKT/ConfigurablePause.sol";

/// @notice possible states for this contract to be in:
///     1. paused, pauseStartTime != 0, guardian != address(0)
///     2. unpaused, pauseStartTime == 0, guardian == address(0)
///     3. unpaused, pauseStartTime <= block.timestamp - pauseDuration, guardian != address(0)
///     4. unpaused after kick, pauseStartTime == 0, guardian == address(0)
contract ConfigurablePauseGuardian is ConfigurablePause {
    /// @notice address of the pause guardian
    address public pauseGuardian;

    /// @notice emitted when the pause guardian is updated
    /// @param oldPauseGuardian old pause guardian
    /// @param newPauseGuardian new pause guardian
    event PauseGuardianUpdated(
        address indexed oldPauseGuardian,
        address indexed newPauseGuardian
    );

    /// @notice returns whether the pause has been used by the pause guardian
    /// if pauseStartTime is 0, contract pause is not used, if non zero, it is used
    function pauseUsed() public view returns (bool) {
        return pauseStartTime != 0;
    }

    /// @notice kick the guardian, can only kick while the contracts are not paused
    /// only callably if a pause guardian pauses, then fails to unpause before
    /// the pauseDuration lapses
    /// removes the guardian, sets pause time to 0, and resets the pauseUsed flag to false
    function kickGuardian() public whenNotPaused {
        require(
            pauseUsed(),
            "ConfigurablePauseGuardian: did not pause, so cannot kick"
        );

        _resetPauseState();
    }

    /// @notice helper function that:
    /// 1). kicks the current guardian
    /// 2). sets pauseUsed to false
    /// 3). unpauses the contracts by setting pause time to 0
    function _resetPauseState() internal {
        address previousPauseGuardian = pauseGuardian;

        /// remove the pause guardian
        pauseGuardian = address(0);

        /// fully unpause, set pauseStartTime to 0
        _setPauseTime(0);

        emit PauseGuardianUpdated(previousPauseGuardian, address(0));
    }

    /// @notice pause the contracts, can only pause while the contracts are unpaused
    /// uses up the pause, and starts the pause timer
    function pause() public virtual whenNotPaused {
        require(
            msg.sender == pauseGuardian,
            "ConfigurablePauseGuardian: only pause guardian"
        );
        require(!pauseUsed(), "ConfigurablePauseGuardian: pause already used");

        /// pause, set pauseStartTime to current block timestamp
        _setPauseTime(uint128(block.timestamp));

        emit Paused(msg.sender);
    }

    /// @notice unpause the contracts as pause guardian.
    /// revokes pause guardian role after unpausing
    function unpause() external whenPaused {
        require(
            msg.sender == pauseGuardian,
            "ConfigurablePauseGuardian: only pause guardian"
        );

        /// kick the guardian
        /// set pauseUsed to false
        /// unpause the contracts by setting pause time to 0
        _resetPauseState();

        emit Unpaused(msg.sender);
    }

    /// @dev when a new guardian is granted, the contract is automatically unpaused
    /// @notice grant pause guardian role to a new address
    /// this should be done after the previous pause guardian has been kicked,
    /// however there are no checks on this as only the owner will call this function
    /// and the owner is assumed to be non-malicious
    function _grantGuardian(address newPauseGuardian) internal {
        address previousPauseGuardian = pauseGuardian;
        pauseGuardian = newPauseGuardian;

        /// if a new guardian is granted, the contract is automatically unpaused
        _setPauseTime(0);

        emit PauseGuardianUpdated(previousPauseGuardian, newPauseGuardian);
    }
}

pragma solidity 0.8.19;

interface IXERC20Lockbox {
    /**
     * @notice Emitted when tokens are deposited into the lockbox
     */
    event Deposit(address _sender, uint256 _amount);

    /**
     * @notice Emitted when tokens are withdrawn from the lockbox
     */
    event Withdraw(address _sender, uint256 _amount);

    /**
     * @notice Deposit ERC20 tokens into the lockbox
     *
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to deposit
     */
    function deposit(uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Deposit ERC20 tokens into the lockbox, and send the XERC20 to a user
     *
     * @param _user The user to send the XERC20 to
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to deposit
     */
    function depositTo(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Withdraw ERC20 tokens from the lockbox
     *
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
     */
    function withdraw(uint256 _amount) external;

    /**
     * @notice Withdraw ERC20 tokens from the lockbox
     *
     * @param _user The user to withdraw to
     * @param _amount The amount of tokens to withdraw
     */
    function withdrawTo(address _user, uint256 _amount) external;
}

// Copyright 2023 Lunar Enterprise Ventures, Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
pragma solidity 0.8.19;

import {EnumerableSet} from "@openzeppelin-contracts/contracts/utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol";

import {IWormholeTrustedSender} from "@protocol/governance/IWormholeTrustedSender.sol";

/// @notice A contract that manages Wormhole trusted senders
/// Used to allow only certain trusted senders on external chains
/// to pass messages to this contract.
contract WormholeTrustedSender is IWormholeTrustedSender {
    using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set;

    /// ------------- EVENT -------------

    /// @notice Emitted when a trusted sender is updated
    event TrustedSenderUpdated(uint16 chainId, address addr, bool added);

    /// ------------- MAPPING -----------

    /// @notice Map of chain id => trusted sender
    mapping(uint16 => EnumerableSet.Bytes32Set) private trustedSenders;

    /// ------------- STRUCTS -------------

    /// @notice A trusted sender is a contract that is allowed to emit VAAs
    struct TrustedSender {
        uint16 chainId;
        address addr;
    }

    /// ------------- INTERNAL HELPERS -------------

    /// @dev Updates the list of trusted senders
    /// @param _trustedSenders The list of trusted senders, allowing one
    /// trusted sender per chain id
    function _addTrustedSenders(
        TrustedSender[] memory _trustedSenders
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < _trustedSenders.length; i++) {
                _addTrustedSender(
                    _trustedSenders[i].addr,
                    _trustedSenders[i].chainId
                );
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Adds a trusted sender to the list
    /// @param trustedSender The trusted sender to add
    /// @param chainId The chain id of the trusted sender to add
    function _addTrustedSender(address trustedSender, uint16 chainId) internal {
        require(
            trustedSenders[chainId].add(addressToBytes(trustedSender)),
            "WormholeTrustedSender: already in list"
        );

        /// true = added to list
        emit TrustedSenderUpdated(chainId, trustedSender, true);
    }

    /// @notice remove a trusted sender
    /// @param trustedSender The trusted sender to remove
    /// @param chainId The chain id of the trusted sender to remove
    function _removeTrustedSender(
        address trustedSender,
        uint16 chainId
    ) internal {
        require(
            trustedSenders[chainId].remove(addressToBytes(trustedSender)),
            "WormholeTrustedSender: not in list"
        );

        /// false = removed from list
        emit TrustedSenderUpdated(chainId, trustedSender, false);
    }

    /// @dev Removes trusted senders from the list
    /// @param _trustedSenders The list of trusted senders to remove
    function _removeTrustedSenders(
        TrustedSender[] memory _trustedSenders
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < _trustedSenders.length; i++) {
                _removeTrustedSender(
                    _trustedSenders[i].addr,
                    _trustedSenders[i].chainId
                );
            }
        }
    }

    /// ------------- VIEW ONLY API -------------

    /// @notice returns whether or not the address is in the trusted senders list for a given chain
    /// @param chainId The wormhole chain id to check
    /// @param addr The address to check
    function isTrustedSender(
        uint16 chainId,
        bytes32 addr
    ) public view override returns (bool) {
        return trustedSenders[chainId].contains(addr);
    }

    /// @notice returns whether or not the address is in the trusted senders list for a given chain
    /// @param chainId The wormhole chain id to check
    /// @param addr The address to check
    function isTrustedSender(
        uint16 chainId,
        address addr
    ) public view override returns (bool) {
        return isTrustedSender(chainId, addressToBytes(addr));
    }

    /// @notice returns the list of trusted senders for a given chain
    /// @param chainId The wormhole chain id to check
    /// @return The list of trusted senders
    function allTrustedSenders(
        uint16 chainId
    ) external view override returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory trustedSendersList = new bytes32[](
            trustedSenders[chainId].length()
        );

        unchecked {
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < trustedSendersList.length; i++) {
                trustedSendersList[i] = trustedSenders[chainId].at(i);
            }
        }

        return trustedSendersList;
    }

    /// @notice Wormhole addresses are denominated in 32 byte chunks. Converting the address to a bytes20
    /// then to a bytes32 *left* aligns it, so we right shift to get the proper data
    /// @param addr The address to convert
    /// @return The address as a bytes32
    function addressToBytes(
        address addr
    ) public pure override returns (bytes32) {
        return bytes32(bytes20(addr)) >> 96;
    }
}

// Copyright 2023 Lunar Enterprise Ventures, Ltd.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
pragma solidity 0.8.19;

interface IWormholeTrustedSender {
    /// ------------- VIEW ONLY API -------------

    /// @notice returns whether or not the address is in the trusted senders list for a given chain
    /// @param chainId The wormhole chain id to check
    /// @param addr The address to check
    function isTrustedSender(
        uint16 chainId,
        bytes32 addr
    ) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice returns whether or not the address is in the trusted senders list for a given chain
    /// @param chainId The wormhole chain id to check
    /// @param addr The address to check
    function isTrustedSender(
        uint16 chainId,
        address addr
    ) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice returns the list of trusted senders for a given chain
    /// @param chainId The wormhole chain id to check
    /// @return The list of trusted senders
    function allTrustedSenders(
        uint16 chainId
    ) external view returns (bytes32[] memory);

    /// @notice Wormhole addresses are denominated in 32 byte chunks. Converting the address to a bytes20
    /// then to a bytes32 *left* aligns it, so we right shift to get the proper data
    /// @param addr The address to convert
    /// @return The address as a bytes32
    function addressToBytes(address addr) external pure returns (bytes32);
}

pragma solidity =0.8.19;

import {Math} from "@zelt-src/util/Math.sol";
import {RateLimitMidPoint, RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary} from "@zelt-src/lib/RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary.sol";

/// @title library for putting a rate limit on how fast a contract
/// can perform an action e.g. Minting and Burning with a midpoint
/// @author Elliot Friedman
library RateLimitedMidpointLibrary {
    using RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary for RateLimitMidPoint;

    /// @notice event emitted when buffer gets eaten into
    event BufferUsed(uint256 amountUsed, uint256 bufferRemaining);

    /// @notice event emitted when buffer gets replenished
    event BufferReplenished(uint256 amountReplenished, uint256 bufferRemaining);

    /// @notice the method that enforces the rate limit.
    /// Decreases buffer by "amount".
    /// If buffer is <= amount, revert
    /// @param limit pointer to the rate limit object
    /// @param amount to decrease buffer by
    function depleteBuffer(
        RateLimitMidPoint storage limit,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        uint256 newBuffer = limit.buffer(); /// SLOAD 2x

        require(amount <= newBuffer, "RateLimited: rate limit hit");

        uint32 blockTimestamp = uint32(block.timestamp);
        uint112 newBufferStored = uint112(newBuffer - amount);

        /// gas optimization to only use a single SSTORE
        limit.lastBufferUsedTime = blockTimestamp;
        limit.bufferStored = newBufferStored;

        emit BufferUsed(amount, newBufferStored);
    }

    /// @notice function to replenish buffer
    /// @param amount to increase buffer by if under buffer cap
    /// @param limit pointer to the rate limit object
    function replenishBuffer(
        RateLimitMidPoint storage limit,
        uint256 amount
    ) internal {
        uint256 buffer = limit.buffer(); /// SLOAD 2x
        uint256 _bufferCap = limit.bufferCap; /// warm SLOAD
        uint256 newBuffer = buffer + amount;

        require(newBuffer <= _bufferCap, "RateLimited: buffer cap overflow");

        uint32 blockTimestamp = uint32(block.timestamp);
        /// ensure that bufferStored cannot be gt buffer cap
        uint112 newBufferStored = uint112(newBuffer);

        /// gas optimization to only use a single SSTORE
        limit.lastBufferUsedTime = blockTimestamp;
        limit.bufferStored = newBufferStored;

        emit BufferReplenished(amount, newBufferStored);
    }
}

pragma solidity =0.8.19;

import {Math} from "@zelt-src/util/Math.sol";

/// @notice two rate storage slots per rate limit
struct RateLimitMidPoint {
    //// -------------------------------------------- ////
    //// ------------------ SLOT 0 ------------------ ////
    //// -------------------------------------------- ////
    /// @notice the rate per second for this contract
    uint128 rateLimitPerSecond;
    /// @notice the cap of the buffer that can be used at once
    uint112 bufferCap;
    //// -------------------------------------------- ////
    //// ------------------ SLOT 1 ------------------ ////
    //// -------------------------------------------- ////
    /// @notice the last time the buffer was used by the contract
    uint32 lastBufferUsedTime;
    /// @notice the buffer at the timestamp of lastBufferUsedTime
    uint112 bufferStored;
    /// @notice the mid point of the buffer
    uint112 midPoint;
}

/// @title abstract contract for putting a rate limit on how fast a contract
/// can perform an action e.g. Minting
/// @author Elliot Friedman
library RateLimitMidpointCommonLibrary {
    /// @notice event emitted when buffer cap is updated
    event BufferCapUpdate(uint256 oldBufferCap, uint256 newBufferCap);

    /// @notice event emitted when rate limit per second is updated
    event RateLimitPerSecondUpdate(
        uint256 oldRateLimitPerSecond,
        uint256 newRateLimitPerSecond
    );

    /// @notice the amount of action available before hitting the rate limit
    /// @dev replenishes at rateLimitPerSecond per second back to midPoint
    /// @param limit pointer to the rate limit object
    function buffer(
        RateLimitMidPoint storage limit
    ) public view returns (uint256) {
        uint256 elapsed;
        unchecked {
            elapsed = uint32(block.timestamp) - limit.lastBufferUsedTime;
        }

        uint256 accrued = uint256(limit.rateLimitPerSecond) * elapsed;
        if (limit.bufferStored < limit.midPoint) {
            return
                Math.min(
                    uint256(limit.bufferStored) + accrued,
                    uint256(limit.midPoint)
                );
        } else if (limit.bufferStored > limit.midPoint) {
            /// past midpoint so subtract accrued off bufferStored back down to midpoint

            /// second part of if statement will not be evaluated if first part is true
            if (
                accrued > limit.bufferStored ||
                limit.bufferStored - accrued < limit.midPoint
            ) {
                /// if accrued is more than buffer stored, subtracting will underflow,
                /// and we are at the midpoint, so return that
                return limit.midPoint;
            } else {
                return limit.bufferStored - accrued;
            }
        } else {
            return limit.bufferStored; /// no change
        }
    }

    /// @notice syncs the buffer to the current time
    /// @dev should be called before any action that
    /// updates buffer cap or rate limit per second
    /// @param limit pointer to the rate limit object
    function sync(RateLimitMidPoint storage limit) internal {
        uint112 newBuffer = uint112(buffer(limit));
        uint32 blockTimestamp = uint32(block.timestamp);

        limit.lastBufferUsedTime = blockTimestamp;
        limit.bufferStored = newBuffer;
    }

    /// @notice set the rate limit per second
    /// @param limit pointer to the rate limit object
    /// @param newRateLimitPerSecond the new rate limit per second
    function setRateLimitPerSecond(
        RateLimitMidPoint storage limit,
        uint128 newRateLimitPerSecond
    ) internal {
        sync(limit);
        uint256 oldRateLimitPerSecond = limit.rateLimitPerSecond;
        limit.rateLimitPerSecond = newRateLimitPerSecond;

        emit RateLimitPerSecondUpdate(
            oldRateLimitPerSecond,
            newRateLimitPerSecond
        );
    }

    /// @notice set the buffer cap, but first sync to accrue all rate limits accrued
    /// @param limit pointer to the rate limit object
    /// @param newBufferCap the new buffer cap to set
    function setBufferCap(
        RateLimitMidPoint storage limit,
        uint112 newBufferCap
    ) internal {
        sync(limit);

        uint256 oldBufferCap = limit.bufferCap;
        limit.bufferCap = newBufferCap;
        limit.midPoint = uint112(newBufferCap / 2);

        /// if buffer stored is gt buffer cap, then we need set buffer stored to buffer cap
        if (limit.bufferStored > newBufferCap) {
            limit.bufferStored = newBufferCap;
        }

        emit BufferCapUpdate(oldBufferCap, newBufferCap);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract Context {
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol";
import "../../utils/Context.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20 is Context, IERC20, IERC20Metadata {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    constructor(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCast {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!Address.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";
import "../extensions/IERC20Permit.sol";
import "../../../utils/Address.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Compatible with tokens that require the approval to be set to
     * 0 before setting it to a non-zero value.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/structs/EnumerableSet.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/EnumerableSet.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for managing
 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)[sets] of primitive
 * types.
 *
 * Sets have the following properties:
 *
 * - Elements are added, removed, and checked for existence in constant time
 * (O(1)).
 * - Elements are enumerated in O(n). No guarantees are made on the ordering.
 *
 * ```solidity
 * contract Example {
 *     // Add the library methods
 *     using EnumerableSet for EnumerableSet.AddressSet;
 *
 *     // Declare a set state variable
 *     EnumerableSet.AddressSet private mySet;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * As of v3.3.0, sets of type `bytes32` (`Bytes32Set`), `address` (`AddressSet`)
 * and `uint256` (`UintSet`) are supported.
 *
 * [WARNING]
 * ====
 * Trying to delete such a structure from storage will likely result in data corruption, rendering the structure
 * unusable.
 * See https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/pull/11843[ethereum/solidity#11843] for more info.
 *
 * In order to clean an EnumerableSet, you can either remove all elements one by one or create a fresh instance using an
 * array of EnumerableSet.
 * ====
 */
library EnumerableSet {
    // To implement this library for multiple types with as little code
    // repetition as possible, we write it in terms of a generic Set type with
    // bytes32 values.
    // The Set implementation uses private functions, and user-facing
    // implementations (such as AddressSet) are just wrappers around the
    // underlying Set.
    // This means that we can only create new EnumerableSets for types that fit
    // in bytes32.

    struct Set {
        // Storage of set values
        bytes32[] _values;
        // Position of the value in the `values` array, plus 1 because index 0
        // means a value is not in the set.
        mapping(bytes32 => uint256) _indexes;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function _add(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        if (!_contains(set, value)) {
            set._values.push(value);
            // The value is stored at length-1, but we add 1 to all indexes
            // and use 0 as a sentinel value
            set._indexes[value] = set._values.length;
            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function _remove(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private returns (bool) {
        // We read and store the value's index to prevent multiple reads from the same storage slot
        uint256 valueIndex = set._indexes[value];

        if (valueIndex != 0) {
            // Equivalent to contains(set, value)
            // To delete an element from the _values array in O(1), we swap the element to delete with the last one in
            // the array, and then remove the last element (sometimes called as 'swap and pop').
            // This modifies the order of the array, as noted in {at}.

            uint256 toDeleteIndex = valueIndex - 1;
            uint256 lastIndex = set._values.length - 1;

            if (lastIndex != toDeleteIndex) {
                bytes32 lastValue = set._values[lastIndex];

                // Move the last value to the index where the value to delete is
                set._values[toDeleteIndex] = lastValue;
                // Update the index for the moved value
                set._indexes[lastValue] = valueIndex; // Replace lastValue's index to valueIndex
            }

            // Delete the slot where the moved value was stored
            set._values.pop();

            // Delete the index for the deleted slot
            delete set._indexes[value];

            return true;
        } else {
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function _contains(Set storage set, bytes32 value) private view returns (bool) {
        return set._indexes[value] != 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values on the set. O(1).
     */
    function _length(Set storage set) private view returns (uint256) {
        return set._values.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function _at(Set storage set, uint256 index) private view returns (bytes32) {
        return set._values[index];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function _values(Set storage set) private view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        return set._values;
    }

    // Bytes32Set

    struct Bytes32Set {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(Bytes32Set storage set, bytes32 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(Bytes32Set storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _at(set._inner, index);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(Bytes32Set storage set) internal view returns (bytes32[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        bytes32[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // AddressSet

    struct AddressSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(AddressSet storage set, address value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(uint256(uint160(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(AddressSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (address) {
        return address(uint160(uint256(_at(set._inner, index))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(AddressSet storage set) internal view returns (address[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        address[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }

    // UintSet

    struct UintSet {
        Set _inner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Add a value to a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was added to the set, that is if it was not
     * already present.
     */
    function add(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _add(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Removes a value from a set. O(1).
     *
     * Returns true if the value was removed from the set, that is if it was
     * present.
     */
    function remove(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal returns (bool) {
        return _remove(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the value is in the set. O(1).
     */
    function contains(UintSet storage set, uint256 value) internal view returns (bool) {
        return _contains(set._inner, bytes32(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of values in the set. O(1).
     */
    function length(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return _length(set._inner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value stored at position `index` in the set. O(1).
     *
     * Note that there are no guarantees on the ordering of values inside the
     * array, and it may change when more values are added or removed.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `index` must be strictly less than {length}.
     */
    function at(UintSet storage set, uint256 index) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return uint256(_at(set._inner, index));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the entire set in an array
     *
     * WARNING: This operation will copy the entire storage to memory, which can be quite expensive. This is designed
     * to mostly be used by view accessors that are queried without any gas fees. Developers should keep in mind that
     * this function has an unbounded cost, and using it as part of a state-changing function may render the function
     * uncallable if the set grows to a point where copying to memory consumes too much gas to fit in a block.
     */
    function values(UintSet storage set) internal view returns (uint256[] memory) {
        bytes32[] memory store = _values(set._inner);
        uint256[] memory result;

        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            result := store
        }

        return result;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Strings.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
import "./math/SignedMathUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev String operations.
 */
library StringsUpgradeable {
    bytes16 private constant _SYMBOLS = "0123456789abcdef";
    uint8 private constant _ADDRESS_LENGTH = 20;

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 length = MathUpgradeable.log10(value) + 1;
            string memory buffer = new string(length);
            uint256 ptr;
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                ptr := add(buffer, add(32, length))
            }
            while (true) {
                ptr--;
                /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
                assembly {
                    mstore8(ptr, byte(mod(value, 10), _SYMBOLS))
                }
                value /= 10;
                if (value == 0) break;
            }
            return buffer;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `int256` to its ASCII `string` decimal representation.
     */
    function toString(int256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return string(abi.encodePacked(value < 0 ? "-" : "", toString(SignedMathUpgradeable.abs(value))));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        unchecked {
            return toHexString(value, MathUpgradeable.log256(value) + 1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a `uint256` to its ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation with fixed length.
     */
    function toHexString(uint256 value, uint256 length) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        bytes memory buffer = new bytes(2 * length + 2);
        buffer[0] = "0";
        buffer[1] = "x";
        for (uint256 i = 2 * length + 1; i > 1; --i) {
            buffer[i] = _SYMBOLS[value & 0xf];
            value >>= 4;
        }
        require(value == 0, "Strings: hex length insufficient");
        return string(buffer);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an `address` with fixed length of 20 bytes to its not checksummed ASCII `string` hexadecimal representation.
     */
    function toHexString(address addr) internal pure returns (string memory) {
        return toHexString(uint256(uint160(addr)), _ADDRESS_LENGTH);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the two strings are equal.
     */
    function equal(string memory a, string memory b) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return keccak256(bytes(a)) == keccak256(bytes(b));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides a basic access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the modifier
 * `onlyOwner`, which can be applied to your functions to restrict their use to
 * the owner.
 */
abstract contract OwnableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    address private _owner;

    event OwnershipTransferred(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract setting the deployer as the initial owner.
     */
    function __Ownable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _transferOwnership(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if called by any account other than the owner.
     */
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        _checkOwner();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the current owner.
     */
    function owner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _owner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the sender is not the owner.
     */
    function _checkOwner() internal view virtual {
        require(owner() == _msgSender(), "Ownable: caller is not the owner");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Leaves the contract without owner. It will not be possible to call
     * `onlyOwner` functions. Can only be called by the current owner.
     *
     * NOTE: Renouncing ownership will leave the contract without an owner,
     * thereby disabling any functionality that is only available to the owner.
     */
    function renounceOwnership() public virtual onlyOwner {
        _transferOwnership(address(0));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual onlyOwner {
        require(newOwner != address(0), "Ownable: new owner is the zero address");
        _transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`).
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual {
        address oldOwner = _owner;
        _owner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferred(oldOwner, newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```solidity
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 *
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized != type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Counters.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Counters
 * @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
 * @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented, decremented or reset. This can be used e.g. to track the number
 * of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
 *
 * Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
 */
library CountersUpgradeable {
    struct Counter {
        // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
        // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
        // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
        uint256 _value; // default: 0
    }

    function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return counter._value;
    }

    function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
        unchecked {
            counter._value += 1;
        }
    }

    function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
        uint256 value = counter._value;
        require(value > 0, "Counter: decrement overflow");
        unchecked {
            counter._value = value - 1;
        }
    }

    function reset(Counter storage counter) internal {
        counter._value = 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20Metadata is IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library MathUpgradeable {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                // Solidity will revert if denominator == 0, unlike the div opcode on its own.
                // The surrounding unchecked block does not change this fact.
                // See https://docs.soliditylang.org/en/latest/control-structures.html#checked-or-unchecked-arithmetic.
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1, "Math: mulDiv overflow");

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(uint256 x, uint256 y, uint256 denominator, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10 ** 64) {
                value /= 10 ** 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 32) {
                value /= 10 ** 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 16) {
                value /= 10 ** 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 8) {
                value /= 10 ** 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 4) {
                value /= 10 ** 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 2) {
                value /= 10 ** 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10 ** 1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10 ** result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result << 3) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (security/Pausable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which allows children to implement an emergency stop
 * mechanism that can be triggered by an authorized account.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available the
 * modifiers `whenNotPaused` and `whenPaused`, which can be applied to
 * the functions of your contract. Note that they will not be pausable by
 * simply including this module, only once the modifiers are put in place.
 */
abstract contract PausableUpgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is triggered by `account`.
     */
    event Paused(address account);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the pause is lifted by `account`.
     */
    event Unpaused(address account);

    bool private _paused;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the contract in unpaused state.
     */
    function __Pausable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Pausable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Pausable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
        _paused = false;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is not paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    modifier whenNotPaused() {
        _requireNotPaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to make a function callable only when the contract is paused.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    modifier whenPaused() {
        _requirePaused();
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the contract is paused, and false otherwise.
     */
    function paused() public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _paused;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is paused.
     */
    function _requireNotPaused() internal view virtual {
        require(!paused(), "Pausable: paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Throws if the contract is not paused.
     */
    function _requirePaused() internal view virtual {
        require(paused(), "Pausable: not paused");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Triggers stopped state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must not be paused.
     */
    function _pause() internal virtual whenNotPaused {
        _paused = true;
        emit Paused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns to normal state.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - The contract must be paused.
     */
    function _unpause() internal virtual whenPaused {
        _paused = false;
        emit Unpaused(_msgSender());
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/ERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "./extensions/IERC20MetadataUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC20} interface.
 *
 * This implementation is agnostic to the way tokens are created. This means
 * that a supply mechanism has to be added in a derived contract using {_mint}.
 * For a generic mechanism see {ERC20PresetMinterPauser}.
 *
 * TIP: For a detailed writeup see our guide
 * https://forum.openzeppelin.com/t/how-to-implement-erc20-supply-mechanisms/226[How
 * to implement supply mechanisms].
 *
 * The default value of {decimals} is 18. To change this, you should override
 * this function so it returns a different value.
 *
 * We have followed general OpenZeppelin Contracts guidelines: functions revert
 * instead returning `false` on failure. This behavior is nonetheless
 * conventional and does not conflict with the expectations of ERC20
 * applications.
 *
 * Additionally, an {Approval} event is emitted on calls to {transferFrom}.
 * This allows applications to reconstruct the allowance for all accounts just
 * by listening to said events. Other implementations of the EIP may not emit
 * these events, as it isn't required by the specification.
 *
 * Finally, the non-standard {decreaseAllowance} and {increaseAllowance}
 * functions have been added to mitigate the well-known issues around setting
 * allowances. See {IERC20-approve}.
 */
contract ERC20Upgradeable is Initializable, ContextUpgradeable, IERC20Upgradeable, IERC20MetadataUpgradeable {
    mapping(address => uint256) private _balances;

    mapping(address => mapping(address => uint256)) private _allowances;

    uint256 private _totalSupply;

    string private _name;
    string private _symbol;

    /**
     * @dev Sets the values for {name} and {symbol}.
     *
     * All two of these values are immutable: they can only be set once during
     * construction.
     */
    function __ERC20_init(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        __ERC20_init_unchained(name_, symbol_);
    }

    function __ERC20_init_unchained(string memory name_, string memory symbol_) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name_;
        _symbol = symbol_;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token, usually a shorter version of the
     * name.
     */
    function symbol() public view virtual override returns (string memory) {
        return _symbol;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of decimals used to get its user representation.
     * For example, if `decimals` equals `2`, a balance of `505` tokens should
     * be displayed to a user as `5.05` (`505 / 10 ** 2`).
     *
     * Tokens usually opt for a value of 18, imitating the relationship between
     * Ether and Wei. This is the default value returned by this function, unless
     * it's overridden.
     *
     * NOTE: This information is only used for _display_ purposes: it in
     * no way affects any of the arithmetic of the contract, including
     * {IERC20-balanceOf} and {IERC20-transfer}.
     */
    function decimals() public view virtual override returns (uint8) {
        return 18;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-totalSupply}.
     */
    function totalSupply() public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _totalSupply;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-balanceOf}.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _balances[account];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transfer}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - the caller must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _transfer(owner, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-allowance}.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _allowances[owner][spender];
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * NOTE: If `amount` is the maximum `uint256`, the allowance is not updated on
     * `transferFrom`. This is semantically equivalent to an infinite approval.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20-transferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance. This is not
     * required by the EIP. See the note at the beginning of {ERC20}.
     *
     * NOTE: Does not update the allowance if the current allowance
     * is the maximum `uint256`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` and `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     * - the caller must have allowance for ``from``'s tokens of at least
     * `amount`.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) public virtual override returns (bool) {
        address spender = _msgSender();
        _spendAllowance(from, spender, amount);
        _transfer(from, to, amount);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically increases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function increaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 addedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        _approve(owner, spender, allowance(owner, spender) + addedValue);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Atomically decreases the allowance granted to `spender` by the caller.
     *
     * This is an alternative to {approve} that can be used as a mitigation for
     * problems described in {IERC20-approve}.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event indicating the updated allowance.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` must have allowance for the caller of at least
     * `subtractedValue`.
     */
    function decreaseAllowance(address spender, uint256 subtractedValue) public virtual returns (bool) {
        address owner = _msgSender();
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        require(currentAllowance >= subtractedValue, "ERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
        unchecked {
            _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - subtractedValue);
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` of tokens from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to {transfer}, and can be used to
     * e.g. implement automatic token fees, slashing mechanisms, etc.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `from` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `from` must have a balance of at least `amount`.
     */
    function _transfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(from != address(0), "ERC20: transfer from the zero address");
        require(to != address(0), "ERC20: transfer to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);

        uint256 fromBalance = _balances[from];
        require(fromBalance >= amount, "ERC20: transfer amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[from] = fromBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: the sum of all balances is capped by totalSupply, and the sum is preserved by
            // decrementing then incrementing.
            _balances[to] += amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(from, to, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(from, to, amount);
    }

    /** @dev Creates `amount` tokens and assigns them to `account`, increasing
     * the total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `from` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _mint(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: mint to the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _totalSupply += amount;
        unchecked {
            // Overflow not possible: balance + amount is at most totalSupply + amount, which is checked above.
            _balances[account] += amount;
        }
        emit Transfer(address(0), account, amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(address(0), account, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Destroys `amount` tokens from `account`, reducing the
     * total supply.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event with `to` set to the zero address.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `account` must have at least `amount` tokens.
     */
    function _burn(address account, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(account != address(0), "ERC20: burn from the zero address");

        _beforeTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);

        uint256 accountBalance = _balances[account];
        require(accountBalance >= amount, "ERC20: burn amount exceeds balance");
        unchecked {
            _balances[account] = accountBalance - amount;
            // Overflow not possible: amount <= accountBalance <= totalSupply.
            _totalSupply -= amount;
        }

        emit Transfer(account, address(0), amount);

        _afterTokenTransfer(account, address(0), amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the `owner` s tokens.
     *
     * This internal function is equivalent to `approve`, and can be used to
     * e.g. set automatic allowances for certain subsystems, etc.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `owner` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function _approve(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        require(owner != address(0), "ERC20: approve from the zero address");
        require(spender != address(0), "ERC20: approve to the zero address");

        _allowances[owner][spender] = amount;
        emit Approval(owner, spender, amount);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Updates `owner` s allowance for `spender` based on spent `amount`.
     *
     * Does not update the allowance amount in case of infinite allowance.
     * Revert if not enough allowance is available.
     *
     * Might emit an {Approval} event.
     */
    function _spendAllowance(address owner, address spender, uint256 amount) internal virtual {
        uint256 currentAllowance = allowance(owner, spender);
        if (currentAllowance != type(uint256).max) {
            require(currentAllowance >= amount, "ERC20: insufficient allowance");
            unchecked {
                _approve(owner, spender, currentAllowance - amount);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * will be transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens will be minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens will be burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _beforeTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called after any transfer of tokens. This includes
     * minting and burning.
     *
     * Calling conditions:
     *
     * - when `from` and `to` are both non-zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens
     * has been transferred to `to`.
     * - when `from` is zero, `amount` tokens have been minted for `to`.
     * - when `to` is zero, `amount` of ``from``'s tokens have been burned.
     * - `from` and `to` are never both zero.
     *
     * To learn more about hooks, head to xref:ROOT:extending-contracts.adoc#using-hooks[Using Hooks].
     */
    function _afterTokenTransfer(address from, address to, uint256 amount) internal virtual {}

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[45] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (access/Ownable2Step.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./OwnableUpgradeable.sol";
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Contract module which provides access control mechanism, where
 * there is an account (an owner) that can be granted exclusive access to
 * specific functions.
 *
 * By default, the owner account will be the one that deploys the contract. This
 * can later be changed with {transferOwnership} and {acceptOwnership}.
 *
 * This module is used through inheritance. It will make available all functions
 * from parent (Ownable).
 */
abstract contract Ownable2StepUpgradeable is Initializable, OwnableUpgradeable {
    function __Ownable2Step_init() internal onlyInitializing {
        __Ownable_init_unchained();
    }

    function __Ownable2Step_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    address private _pendingOwner;

    event OwnershipTransferStarted(address indexed previousOwner, address indexed newOwner);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address of the pending owner.
     */
    function pendingOwner() public view virtual returns (address) {
        return _pendingOwner;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Starts the ownership transfer of the contract to a new account. Replaces the pending transfer if there is one.
     * Can only be called by the current owner.
     */
    function transferOwnership(address newOwner) public virtual override onlyOwner {
        _pendingOwner = newOwner;
        emit OwnershipTransferStarted(owner(), newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfers ownership of the contract to a new account (`newOwner`) and deletes any pending owner.
     * Internal function without access restriction.
     */
    function _transferOwnership(address newOwner) internal virtual override {
        delete _pendingOwner;
        super._transferOwnership(newOwner);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The new owner accepts the ownership transfer.
     */
    function acceptOwnership() public virtual {
        address sender = _msgSender();
        require(pendingOwner() == sender, "Ownable2Step: caller is not the new owner");
        _transferOwnership(sender);
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (interfaces/IERC5267.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

interface IERC5267Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev MAY be emitted to signal that the domain could have changed.
     */
    event EIP712DomainChanged();

    /**
     * @dev returns the fields and values that describe the domain separator used by this contract for EIP-712
     * signature.
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        external
        view
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        );
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SignedMath.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard signed math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library SignedMathUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function max(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two signed numbers.
     */
    function min(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two signed numbers without overflow.
     * The result is rounded towards zero.
     */
    function average(int256 a, int256 b) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Formula from the book "Hacker's Delight"
        int256 x = (a & b) + ((a ^ b) >> 1);
        return x + (int256(uint256(x) >> 255) & (a ^ b));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the absolute unsigned value of a signed value.
     */
    function abs(int256 n) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            // must be unchecked in order to support `n = type(int256).min`
            return uint256(n >= 0 ? n : -n);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/ECDSA.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../StringsUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) operations.
 *
 * These functions can be used to verify that a message was signed by the holder
 * of the private keys of a given address.
 */
library ECDSAUpgradeable {
    enum RecoverError {
        NoError,
        InvalidSignature,
        InvalidSignatureLength,
        InvalidSignatureS,
        InvalidSignatureV // Deprecated in v4.8
    }

    function _throwError(RecoverError error) private pure {
        if (error == RecoverError.NoError) {
            return; // no error: do nothing
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignature) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature length");
        } else if (error == RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS) {
            revert("ECDSA: invalid signature 's' value");
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature` or error string. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     *
     * Documentation for signature generation:
     * - with https://web3js.readthedocs.io/en/v1.3.4/web3-eth-accounts.html#sign[Web3.js]
     * - with https://docs.ethers.io/v5/api/signer/#Signer-signMessage[ethers]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        if (signature.length == 65) {
            bytes32 r;
            bytes32 s;
            uint8 v;
            // ecrecover takes the signature parameters, and the only way to get them
            // currently is to use assembly.
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                r := mload(add(signature, 0x20))
                s := mload(add(signature, 0x40))
                v := byte(0, mload(add(signature, 0x60)))
            }
            return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        } else {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureLength);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the address that signed a hashed message (`hash`) with
     * `signature`. This address can then be used for verification purposes.
     *
     * The `ecrecover` EVM opcode allows for malleable (non-unique) signatures:
     * this function rejects them by requiring the `s` value to be in the lower
     * half order, and the `v` value to be either 27 or 28.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: `hash` _must_ be the result of a hash operation for the
     * verification to be secure: it is possible to craft signatures that
     * recover to arbitrary addresses for non-hashed data. A safe way to ensure
     * this is by receiving a hash of the original message (which may otherwise
     * be too long), and then calling {toEthSignedMessageHash} on it.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, signature);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `r` and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2098[EIP-2098 short signatures]
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        bytes32 s = vs & bytes32(0x7fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff);
        uint8 v = uint8((uint256(vs) >> 255) + 27);
        return tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `r and `vs` short-signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, bytes32 r, bytes32 vs) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, r, vs);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-tryRecover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function tryRecover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address, RecoverError) {
        // EIP-2 still allows signature malleability for ecrecover(). Remove this possibility and make the signature
        // unique. Appendix F in the Ethereum Yellow paper (https://ethereum.github.io/yellowpaper/paper.pdf), defines
        // the valid range for s in (301): 0 < s < secp256k1n ÷ 2 + 1, and for v in (302): v ∈ {27, 28}. Most
        // signatures from current libraries generate a unique signature with an s-value in the lower half order.
        //
        // If your library generates malleable signatures, such as s-values in the upper range, calculate a new s-value
        // with 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFEBAAEDCE6AF48A03BBFD25E8CD0364141 - s1 and flip v from 27 to 28 or
        // vice versa. If your library also generates signatures with 0/1 for v instead 27/28, add 27 to v to accept
        // these malleable signatures as well.
        if (uint256(s) > 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF5D576E7357A4501DDFE92F46681B20A0) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignatureS);
        }

        // If the signature is valid (and not malleable), return the signer address
        address signer = ecrecover(hash, v, r, s);
        if (signer == address(0)) {
            return (address(0), RecoverError.InvalidSignature);
        }

        return (signer, RecoverError.NoError);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Overload of {ECDSA-recover} that receives the `v`,
     * `r` and `s` signature fields separately.
     */
    function recover(bytes32 hash, uint8 v, bytes32 r, bytes32 s) internal pure returns (address) {
        (address recovered, RecoverError error) = tryRecover(hash, v, r, s);
        _throwError(error);
        return recovered;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from a `hash`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes32 hash) internal pure returns (bytes32 message) {
        // 32 is the length in bytes of hash,
        // enforced by the type signature above
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, "\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n32")
            mstore(0x1c, hash)
            message := keccak256(0x00, 0x3c)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Message, created from `s`. This
     * produces hash corresponding to the one signed with the
     * https://eth.wiki/json-rpc/API#eth_sign[`eth_sign`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toEthSignedMessageHash(bytes memory s) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19Ethereum Signed Message:\n", StringsUpgradeable.toString(s.length), s));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Typed Data, created from a
     * `domainSeparator` and a `structHash`. This produces hash corresponding
     * to the one signed with the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[`eth_signTypedData`]
     * JSON-RPC method as part of EIP-712.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toTypedDataHash(bytes32 domainSeparator, bytes32 structHash) internal pure returns (bytes32 data) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(ptr, "\x19\x01")
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x02), domainSeparator)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x22), structHash)
            data := keccak256(ptr, 0x42)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an Ethereum Signed Data with intended validator, created from a
     * `validator` and `data` according to the version 0 of EIP-191.
     *
     * See {recover}.
     */
    function toDataWithIntendedValidatorHash(address validator, bytes memory data) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("\x19\x00", validator, data));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/EIP712.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import "./ECDSAUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../interfaces/IERC5267Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712[EIP 712] is a standard for hashing and signing of typed structured data.
 *
 * The encoding specified in the EIP is very generic, and such a generic implementation in Solidity is not feasible,
 * thus this contract does not implement the encoding itself. Protocols need to implement the type-specific encoding
 * they need in their contracts using a combination of `abi.encode` and `keccak256`.
 *
 * This contract implements the EIP 712 domain separator ({_domainSeparatorV4}) that is used as part of the encoding
 * scheme, and the final step of the encoding to obtain the message digest that is then signed via ECDSA
 * ({_hashTypedDataV4}).
 *
 * The implementation of the domain separator was designed to be as efficient as possible while still properly updating
 * the chain id to protect against replay attacks on an eventual fork of the chain.
 *
 * NOTE: This contract implements the version of the encoding known as "v4", as implemented by the JSON RPC method
 * https://docs.metamask.io/guide/signing-data.html[`eth_signTypedDataV4` in MetaMask].
 *
 * NOTE: In the upgradeable version of this contract, the cached values will correspond to the address, and the domain
 * separator of the implementation contract. This will cause the `_domainSeparatorV4` function to always rebuild the
 * separator from the immutable values, which is cheaper than accessing a cached version in cold storage.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 *
 * @custom:storage-size 52
 */
abstract contract EIP712Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC5267Upgradeable {
    bytes32 private constant _TYPE_HASH =
        keccak256("EIP712Domain(string name,string version,uint256 chainId,address verifyingContract)");

    /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_NAME
    bytes32 private _hashedName;
    /// @custom:oz-renamed-from _HASHED_VERSION
    bytes32 private _hashedVersion;

    string private _name;
    string private _version;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the domain separator and parameter caches.
     *
     * The meaning of `name` and `version` is specified in
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-domainseparator[EIP 712]:
     *
     * - `name`: the user readable name of the signing domain, i.e. the name of the DApp or the protocol.
     * - `version`: the current major version of the signing domain.
     *
     * NOTE: These parameters cannot be changed except through a xref:learn::upgrading-smart-contracts.adoc[smart
     * contract upgrade].
     */
    function __EIP712_init(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
        __EIP712_init_unchained(name, version);
    }

    function __EIP712_init_unchained(string memory name, string memory version) internal onlyInitializing {
        _name = name;
        _version = version;

        // Reset prior values in storage if upgrading
        _hashedName = 0;
        _hashedVersion = 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator for the current chain.
     */
    function _domainSeparatorV4() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        return _buildDomainSeparator();
    }

    function _buildDomainSeparator() private view returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encode(_TYPE_HASH, _EIP712NameHash(), _EIP712VersionHash(), block.chainid, address(this)));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Given an already https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-712#definition-of-hashstruct[hashed struct], this
     * function returns the hash of the fully encoded EIP712 message for this domain.
     *
     * This hash can be used together with {ECDSA-recover} to obtain the signer of a message. For example:
     *
     * ```solidity
     * bytes32 digest = _hashTypedDataV4(keccak256(abi.encode(
     *     keccak256("Mail(address to,string contents)"),
     *     mailTo,
     *     keccak256(bytes(mailContents))
     * )));
     * address signer = ECDSA.recover(digest, signature);
     * ```
     */
    function _hashTypedDataV4(bytes32 structHash) internal view virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return ECDSAUpgradeable.toTypedDataHash(_domainSeparatorV4(), structHash);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {EIP-5267}.
     *
     * _Available since v4.9._
     */
    function eip712Domain()
        public
        view
        virtual
        override
        returns (
            bytes1 fields,
            string memory name,
            string memory version,
            uint256 chainId,
            address verifyingContract,
            bytes32 salt,
            uint256[] memory extensions
        )
    {
        // If the hashed name and version in storage are non-zero, the contract hasn't been properly initialized
        // and the EIP712 domain is not reliable, as it will be missing name and version.
        require(_hashedName == 0 && _hashedVersion == 0, "EIP712: Uninitialized");

        return (
            hex"0f", // 01111
            _EIP712Name(),
            _EIP712Version(),
            block.chainid,
            address(this),
            bytes32(0),
            new uint256[](0)
        );
    }

    /**
     * @dev The name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
     * are a concern.
     */
    function _EIP712Name() internal virtual view returns (string memory) {
        return _name;
    }

    /**
     * @dev The version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: This function reads from storage by default, but can be redefined to return a constant value if gas costs
     * are a concern.
     */
    function _EIP712Version() internal virtual view returns (string memory) {
        return _version;
    }

    /**
     * @dev The hash of the name parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Name` instead.
     */
    function _EIP712NameHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        string memory name = _EIP712Name();
        if (bytes(name).length > 0) {
            return keccak256(bytes(name));
        } else {
            // If the name is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
            // We return the name hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the name is empty by design.
            bytes32 hashedName = _hashedName;
            if (hashedName != 0) {
                return hashedName;
            } else {
                return keccak256("");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev The hash of the version parameter for the EIP712 domain.
     *
     * NOTE: In previous versions this function was virtual. In this version you should override `_EIP712Version` instead.
     */
    function _EIP712VersionHash() internal view returns (bytes32) {
        string memory version = _EIP712Version();
        if (bytes(version).length > 0) {
            return keccak256(bytes(version));
        } else {
            // If the version is empty, the contract may have been upgraded without initializing the new storage.
            // We return the version hash in storage if non-zero, otherwise we assume the version is empty by design.
            bytes32 hashedVersion = _hashedVersion;
            if (hashedVersion != 0) {
                return hashedVersion;
            } else {
                return keccak256("");
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[48] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/ERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC20PermitUpgradeable.sol";
import "../ERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/ECDSAUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../../utils/cryptography/EIP712Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../../utils/CountersUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on `{IERC20-approve}`, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 *
 * @custom:storage-size 51
 */
abstract contract ERC20PermitUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC20Upgradeable, IERC20PermitUpgradeable, EIP712Upgradeable {
    using CountersUpgradeable for CountersUpgradeable.Counter;

    mapping(address => CountersUpgradeable.Counter) private _nonces;

    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    bytes32 private constant _PERMIT_TYPEHASH =
        keccak256("Permit(address owner,address spender,uint256 value,uint256 nonce,uint256 deadline)");
    /**
     * @dev In previous versions `_PERMIT_TYPEHASH` was declared as `immutable`.
     * However, to ensure consistency with the upgradeable transpiler, we will continue
     * to reserve a slot.
     * @custom:oz-renamed-from _PERMIT_TYPEHASH
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line var-name-mixedcase
    bytes32 private _PERMIT_TYPEHASH_DEPRECATED_SLOT;

    /**
     * @dev Initializes the {EIP712} domain separator using the `name` parameter, and setting `version` to `"1"`.
     *
     * It's a good idea to use the same `name` that is defined as the ERC20 token name.
     */
    function __ERC20Permit_init(string memory name) internal onlyInitializing {
        __EIP712_init_unchained(name, "1");
    }

    function __ERC20Permit_init_unchained(string memory) internal onlyInitializing {}

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-permit}.
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) public virtual override {
        require(block.timestamp <= deadline, "ERC20Permit: expired deadline");

        bytes32 structHash = keccak256(abi.encode(_PERMIT_TYPEHASH, owner, spender, value, _useNonce(owner), deadline));

        bytes32 hash = _hashTypedDataV4(structHash);

        address signer = ECDSAUpgradeable.recover(hash, v, r, s);
        require(signer == owner, "ERC20Permit: invalid signature");

        _approve(owner, spender, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-nonces}.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) public view virtual override returns (uint256) {
        return _nonces[owner].current();
    }

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC20Permit-DOMAIN_SEPARATOR}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view override returns (bytes32) {
        return _domainSeparatorV4();
    }

    /**
     * @dev "Consume a nonce": return the current value and increment.
     *
     * _Available since v4.1._
     */
    function _useNonce(address owner) internal virtual returns (uint256 current) {
        CountersUpgradeable.Counter storage nonce = _nonces[owner];
        current = nonce.current();
        nonce.increment();
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20PermitUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Metadata.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Interface for the optional metadata functions from the ERC20 standard.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC20MetadataUpgradeable is IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the name of the token.
     */
    function name() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the symbol of the token.
     */
    function symbol() external view returns (string memory);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the decimals places of the token.
     */
    function decimals() external view returns (uint8);
}