Cryo Explorer Ethereum Mainnet

// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
pragma solidity ^0.8.0 ^0.8.1 ^0.8.19 ^0.8.4;

// node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/IERC20.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20 {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(address from, address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
}

// node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/extensions/IERC20Permit.sol)

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20Permit {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/Address.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/Address.sol)

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     *
     * Furthermore, `isContract` will also return true if the target contract within
     * the same transaction is already scheduled for destruction by `SELFDESTRUCT`,
     * which only has an effect at the end of a transaction.
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://consensys.net/diligence/blog/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.8.0/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(address target, bytes memory data, uint256 value) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (utils/cryptography/MerkleProof.sol)

/**
 * @dev These functions deal with verification of Merkle Tree proofs.
 *
 * The tree and the proofs can be generated using our
 * https://github.com/OpenZeppelin/merkle-tree[JavaScript library].
 * You will find a quickstart guide in the readme.
 *
 * WARNING: You should avoid using leaf values that are 64 bytes long prior to
 * hashing, or use a hash function other than keccak256 for hashing leaves.
 * This is because the concatenation of a sorted pair of internal nodes in
 * the merkle tree could be reinterpreted as a leaf value.
 * OpenZeppelin's JavaScript library generates merkle trees that are safe
 * against this attack out of the box.
 */
library MerkleProof {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if a `leaf` can be proved to be a part of a Merkle tree
     * defined by `root`. For this, a `proof` must be provided, containing
     * sibling hashes on the branch from the leaf to the root of the tree. Each
     * pair of leaves and each pair of pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     */
    function verify(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProof(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {verify}
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function verifyCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 root, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processProofCalldata(proof, leaf) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the rebuilt hash obtained by traversing a Merkle tree up
     * from `leaf` using `proof`. A `proof` is valid if and only if the rebuilt
     * hash matches the root of the tree. When processing the proof, the pairs
     * of leafs & pre-images are assumed to be sorted.
     *
     * _Available since v4.4._
     */
    function processProof(bytes32[] memory proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processProof}
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processProofCalldata(bytes32[] calldata proof, bytes32 leaf) internal pure returns (bytes32) {
        bytes32 computedHash = leaf;
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < proof.length; i++) {
            computedHash = _hashPair(computedHash, proof[i]);
        }
        return computedHash;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if the `leaves` can be simultaneously proven to be a part of a merkle tree defined by
     * `root`, according to `proof` and `proofFlags` as described in {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function multiProofVerify(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProof(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {multiProofVerify}
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function multiProofVerifyCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32 root,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bool) {
        return processMultiProofCalldata(proof, proofFlags, leaves) == root;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the root of a tree reconstructed from `leaves` and sibling nodes in `proof`. The reconstruction
     * proceeds by incrementally reconstructing all inner nodes by combining a leaf/inner node with either another
     * leaf/inner node or a proof sibling node, depending on whether each `proofFlags` item is true or false
     * respectively.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. To use multiproofs, it is sufficient to ensure that: 1) the tree
     * is complete (but not necessarily perfect), 2) the leaves to be proven are in the opposite order they are in the
     * tree (i.e., as seen from right to left starting at the deepest layer and continuing at the next layer).
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processMultiProof(
        bytes32[] memory proof,
        bool[] memory proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        require(leavesLen + proof.length - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            unchecked {
                return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
            }
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Calldata version of {processMultiProof}.
     *
     * CAUTION: Not all merkle trees admit multiproofs. See {processMultiProof} for details.
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function processMultiProofCalldata(
        bytes32[] calldata proof,
        bool[] calldata proofFlags,
        bytes32[] memory leaves
    ) internal pure returns (bytes32 merkleRoot) {
        // This function rebuilds the root hash by traversing the tree up from the leaves. The root is rebuilt by
        // consuming and producing values on a queue. The queue starts with the `leaves` array, then goes onto the
        // `hashes` array. At the end of the process, the last hash in the `hashes` array should contain the root of
        // the merkle tree.
        uint256 leavesLen = leaves.length;
        uint256 totalHashes = proofFlags.length;

        // Check proof validity.
        require(leavesLen + proof.length - 1 == totalHashes, "MerkleProof: invalid multiproof");

        // The xxxPos values are "pointers" to the next value to consume in each array. All accesses are done using
        // `xxx[xxxPos++]`, which return the current value and increment the pointer, thus mimicking a queue's "pop".
        bytes32[] memory hashes = new bytes32[](totalHashes);
        uint256 leafPos = 0;
        uint256 hashPos = 0;
        uint256 proofPos = 0;
        // At each step, we compute the next hash using two values:
        // - a value from the "main queue". If not all leaves have been consumed, we get the next leaf, otherwise we
        //   get the next hash.
        // - depending on the flag, either another value from the "main queue" (merging branches) or an element from the
        //   `proof` array.
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < totalHashes; i++) {
            bytes32 a = leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++];
            bytes32 b = proofFlags[i]
                ? (leafPos < leavesLen ? leaves[leafPos++] : hashes[hashPos++])
                : proof[proofPos++];
            hashes[i] = _hashPair(a, b);
        }

        if (totalHashes > 0) {
            unchecked {
                return hashes[totalHashes - 1];
            }
        } else if (leavesLen > 0) {
            return leaves[0];
        } else {
            return proof[0];
        }
    }

    function _hashPair(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32) {
        return a < b ? _efficientHash(a, b) : _efficientHash(b, a);
    }

    function _efficientHash(bytes32 a, bytes32 b) private pure returns (bytes32 value) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            mstore(0x00, a)
            mstore(0x20, b)
            value := keccak256(0x00, 0x40)
        }
    }
}

// node_modules/solady/src/utils/Multicallable.sol

/// @notice Contract that enables a single call to call multiple methods on itself.
/// @author Solady (https://github.com/vectorized/solady/blob/main/src/utils/Multicallable.sol)
/// @author Modified from Solmate (https://github.com/transmissions11/solmate/blob/main/src/utils/Multicallable.sol)
///
/// WARNING:
/// This implementation is NOT to be used with ERC2771 out-of-the-box.
/// https://blog.openzeppelin.com/arbitrary-address-spoofing-vulnerability-erc2771context-multicall-public-disclosure
/// This also applies to potentially other ERCs / patterns appending to the back of calldata.
///
/// We do NOT have a check for ERC2771, as we do not inherit from OpenZeppelin's context.
/// Moreover, it is infeasible and inefficient for us to add checks and mitigations
/// for all possible ERC / patterns appending to the back of calldata.
///
/// We would highly recommend using an alternative pattern such as
/// https://github.com/Vectorized/multicaller
/// which is more flexible, futureproof, and safer by default.
abstract contract Multicallable {
    /// @dev Apply `delegatecall` with the current contract to each calldata in `data`,
    /// and store the `abi.encode` formatted results of each `delegatecall` into `results`.
    /// If any of the `delegatecall`s reverts, the entire context is reverted,
    /// and the error is bubbled up.
    ///
    /// By default, this function directly returns the results and terminates the call context.
    /// If you need to add before and after actions to the multicall, please override this function.
    function multicall(bytes[] calldata data) public payable virtual returns (bytes[] memory) {
        // Revert if `msg.value` is non-zero by default to guard against double-spending.
        // (See: https://www.paradigm.xyz/2021/08/two-rights-might-make-a-wrong)
        //
        // If you really need to pass in a `msg.value`, then you will have to
        // override this function and add in any relevant before and after checks.
        if (msg.value != 0) revert();
        // `_multicallDirectReturn` returns the results directly and terminates the call context.
        _multicallDirectReturn(_multicall(data));
    }

    /// @dev The inner logic of `multicall`.
    /// This function is included so that you can override `multicall`
    /// to add before and after actions, and use the `_multicallDirectReturn` function.
    function _multicall(bytes[] calldata data) internal virtual returns (bytes32 results) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            results := mload(0x40)
            mstore(results, 0x20)
            mstore(add(0x20, results), data.length)
            let c := add(0x40, results)
            let s := c
            let end := shl(5, data.length)
            calldatacopy(c, data.offset, end)
            end := add(c, end)
            let m := end
            if data.length {
                for {} 1 {} {
                    let o := add(data.offset, mload(c))
                    calldatacopy(m, add(o, 0x20), calldataload(o))
                    // forgefmt: disable-next-item
                    if iszero(delegatecall(gas(), address(), m, calldataload(o), codesize(), 0x00)) {
                        // Bubble up the revert if the delegatecall reverts.
                        returndatacopy(results, 0x00, returndatasize())
                        revert(results, returndatasize())
                    }
                    mstore(c, sub(m, s))
                    c := add(0x20, c)
                    // Append the `returndatasize()`, and the return data.
                    mstore(m, returndatasize())
                    let b := add(m, 0x20)
                    returndatacopy(b, 0x00, returndatasize())
                    // Advance `m` by `returndatasize() + 0x20`,
                    // rounded up to the next multiple of 32.
                    m := and(add(add(b, returndatasize()), 0x1f), 0xffffffffffffffe0)
                    mstore(add(b, returndatasize()), 0) // Zeroize the slot after the returndata.
                    if iszero(lt(c, end)) { break }
                }
            }
            mstore(0x40, m) // Allocate memory.
            results := or(shl(64, m), results) // Pack the bytes length into `results`.
        }
    }

    /// @dev Decodes the `results` into an array of bytes.
    /// This can be useful if you need to access the results or re-encode it.
    function _multicallResultsToBytesArray(bytes32 results)
        internal
        pure
        virtual
        returns (bytes[] memory decoded)
    {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            decoded := mload(0x40)
            let c := and(0xffffffffffffffff, results) // Extract the offset.
            mstore(decoded, mload(add(c, 0x20))) // Store the length.
            let o := add(decoded, 0x20) // Start of elements in `decoded`.
            let end := add(o, shl(5, mload(decoded)))
            mstore(0x40, end) // Allocate memory.
            let s := add(c, 0x40) // Start of elements in `results`.
            let d := sub(s, o) // Difference between input and output pointers.
            for {} iszero(eq(o, end)) { o := add(o, 0x20) } { mstore(o, add(mload(add(d, o)), s)) }
        }
    }

    /// @dev Directly returns the `results` and terminates the current call context.
    /// `results` must be from `_multicall`, else behavior is undefined.
    function _multicallDirectReturn(bytes32 results) internal pure virtual {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            return(and(0xffffffffffffffff, results), shr(64, results))
        }
    }
}

// src/interfaces/morpho/IUniversalRewardsDistributor.sol

/// @notice The pending root struct for a merkle tree distribution during the timelock.
struct PendingRoot {
    /// @dev The submitted pending root.
    bytes32 root;
    /// @dev The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    bytes32 ipfsHash;
    /// @dev The timestamp at which the pending root can be accepted.
    uint256 validAt;
}

/// @dev This interface is used for factorizing IUniversalRewardsDistributorStaticTyping and
/// IUniversalRewardsDistributor.
/// @dev Consider using the IUniversalRewardsDistributor interface instead of this one.
interface IUniversalRewardsDistributorBase {
    function root() external view returns (bytes32);

    function owner() external view returns (address);

    function timelock() external view returns (uint256);

    function ipfsHash() external view returns (bytes32);

    function isUpdater(address) external view returns (bool);

    function claimed(address, address) external view returns (uint256);

    function acceptRoot() external;

    function setRoot(bytes32 newRoot, bytes32 newIpfsHash) external;

    function setTimelock(uint256 newTimelock) external;

    function setRootUpdater(address updater, bool active) external;

    function revokePendingRoot() external;

    function setOwner(address newOwner) external;

    function submitRoot(bytes32 newRoot, bytes32 ipfsHash) external;

    function claim(address account, address reward, uint256 claimable, bytes32[] memory proof)
        external
        returns (uint256 amount);

    function recipients(address account) external view returns (address);

    function setRecipient(address account, address recipient) external;
}

/// @dev This interface is inherited by the UniversalRewardsDistributor so that function signatures are checked by the
/// compiler.
/// @dev Consider using the IUniversalRewardsDistributor interface instead of this one.
interface IUniversalRewardsDistributorStaticTyping is IUniversalRewardsDistributorBase {
    function pendingRoot() external view returns (bytes32 root, bytes32 ipfsHash, uint256 validAt);
}

/// @title IUniversalRewardsDistributor
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact [email protected]
/// @dev Use this interface for UniversalRewardsDistributor to have access to all the functions with the appropriate
/// function signatures.
interface IUniversalRewardsDistributor is IUniversalRewardsDistributorBase {
    function pendingRoot() external view returns (PendingRoot memory);
}

// src/utils/ErrorsLib.sol

/// @title ErrorsLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact [email protected]
/// @notice Library exposing error messages.
library ErrorsLib {
    /// @notice Thrown when the caller has not the updater role.
    string internal constant NOT_UPDATER_ROLE = "caller has not the updater role";

    /// @notice Thrown when the caller is not the owner.
    string internal constant NOT_OWNER = "caller is not the owner";

    /// @notice Thrown when the caller is not the owner or the recipient.
    string internal constant NOT_AUTHORIZED = "caller is not the owner or the actual recipient";

    /// @notice Thrown when the caller trying to change the root under timelock is not the owner.
    string internal constant UNAUTHORIZED_ROOT_CHANGE = "unauthorized to change the root";

    /// @notice Thrown when there is not pending root.
    string internal constant NO_PENDING_ROOT = "no pending root";

    /// @notice Thrown when the timelock is not expired.
    string internal constant TIMELOCK_NOT_EXPIRED = "timelock is not expired";

    /// @notice Thrown when the root is not set.
    string internal constant ROOT_NOT_SET = "root is not set";

    /// @notice Thrown when the proof is invalid or expired when claiming rewards.
    string internal constant INVALID_PROOF_OR_EXPIRED = "invalid proof or expired";

    /// @notice Thrown when the Merkle tree contains a node with fewer rewards than what it has previously claimed. Also
    /// thrown if user claims twice with the same root.
    string internal constant CLAIMABLE_TOO_LOW = "claimable too low";

    /// @notice Thrown when the value is already set.
    string internal constant ALREADY_SET = "already set";

    /// @notice Thrown when the submitted value is already pending.
    string internal constant ALREADY_PENDING = "already pending";
}

// src/utils/EventsLib.sol

/// @title EventsLib
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact [email protected]
/// @notice Library exposing events.
library EventsLib {
    /// @notice Emitted when the merkle root is set.
    /// @param newRoot The new merkle root.
    /// @param newIpfsHash The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    event RootSet(bytes32 indexed newRoot, bytes32 indexed newIpfsHash);

    /// @notice Emitted when a new merkle root is proposed.
    /// @param caller The address of the caller.
    /// @param newRoot The new merkle root.
    /// @param newIpfsHash The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    event PendingRootSet(address indexed caller, bytes32 indexed newRoot, bytes32 indexed newIpfsHash);

    /// @notice Emitted when the pending root is revoked by the owner or an updater.
    event PendingRootRevoked(address indexed caller);

    /// @notice Emitted when a merkle tree distribution timelock is set.
    /// @param newTimelock The new merkle timelock.
    event TimelockSet(uint256 newTimelock);

    /// @notice Emitted when a merkle tree updater is added or removed.
    /// @param rootUpdater The merkle tree updater.
    /// @param active The merkle tree updater's active state.
    event RootUpdaterSet(address indexed rootUpdater, bool active);

    /// @notice Emitted when rewards are claimed.
    /// @param account The address for which rewards are claimed.
    /// @param recipient The address of the recipient.
    /// @param reward The address of the reward token.
    /// @param amount The amount of reward token claimed.
    event Claimed(address indexed account, address indexed recipient, address indexed reward, uint256 amount);

    /// @notice Emitted when the ownership of a merkle tree distribution is transferred.
    /// @param newOwner The new owner of the contract.
    event OwnerSet(address indexed newOwner);

    /// @notice Emitted when a new URD is created.
    /// @param urd The address of the newly created URD.
    /// @param caller The address of the caller.
    /// @param initialOwner The address of the URD owner.
    /// @param initialTimelock The URD timelock.
    /// @param initialRoot The URD's initial merkle root.
    /// @param initialIpfsHash The URD's initial ipfs hash.
    /// @param salt The salt used for CREATE2 opcode.
    event UrdCreated(
        address indexed urd,
        address indexed caller,
        address indexed initialOwner,
        uint256 initialTimelock,
        bytes32 initialRoot,
        bytes32 initialIpfsHash,
        bytes32 salt
    );

    event RecipientSet(address indexed account, address indexed recipient);
}

// src/interfaces/morpho/IUrdFactory.sol

/// @title IUrdFactory
/// @author Morpho Labs
/// @custom:contact [email protected]
/// @notice Interface of UniversalRewardsDistributor's factory.
interface IUrdFactory {
    /// @notice Whether a UniversalRewardsDistributor was created with the factory.
    function isUrd(address target) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Creates a new URD contract using CREATE2 opcode.
    /// @param initialOwner The initial owner of the URD.
    /// @param initialTimelock The initial timelock of the URD.
    /// @param initialRoot The initial merkle root of the URD.
    /// @param initialIpfsHash The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    /// @param salt The salt used for CREATE2 opcode.
    /// @return The address of the newly created URD.
    function createUrd(
        address initialOwner,
        uint256 initialTimelock,
        bytes32 initialRoot,
        bytes32 initialIpfsHash,
        bytes32 salt
    ) external returns (IUniversalRewardsDistributor);
}

// node_modules/@openzeppelin/contracts/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol

// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.9.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20 {
    using Address for address;

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from the calling contract to `to`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransfer(IERC20 token, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Transfer `value` amount of `token` from `from` to `to`, spending the approval given by `from` to the
     * calling contract. If `token` returns no value, non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(IERC20 token, address from, address to, uint256 value) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Increase the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeIncreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance + value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Decrease the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` by `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful.
     */
    function safeDecreaseAllowance(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, oldAllowance - value));
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Set the calling contract's allowance toward `spender` to `value`. If `token` returns no value,
     * non-reverting calls are assumed to be successful. Compatible with tokens that require the approval to be set to
     * 0 before setting it to a non-zero value.
     */
    function forceApprove(IERC20 token, address spender, uint256 value) internal {
        bytes memory approvalCall = abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value);

        if (!_callOptionalReturnBool(token, approvalCall)) {
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, 0));
            _callOptionalReturn(token, approvalCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Use a ERC-2612 signature to set the `owner` approval toward `spender` on `token`.
     * Revert on invalid signature.
     */
    function safePermit(
        IERC20Permit token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        require(returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     *
     * This is a variant of {_callOptionalReturn} that silents catches all reverts and returns a bool instead.
     */
    function _callOptionalReturnBool(IERC20 token, bytes memory data) private returns (bool) {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We cannot use {Address-functionCall} here since this should return false
        // and not revert is the subcall reverts.

        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = address(token).call(data);
        return
            success && (returndata.length == 0 || abi.decode(returndata, (bool))) && Address.isContract(address(token));
    }
}

// src/distributors/UniversalRewardDistributor.sol

/// @title UniversalRewardsDistributor
/// @author Stake DAO
/// @notice Forked from Morpho Labs
/// @dev Adding possibility to set a recipient for each account's rewards.
/// @dev Adding support for multicall.
/// @notice This contract enables the distribution of various reward tokens to multiple accounts using different
/// permissionless Merkle trees. It is largely inspired by Morpho's current rewards distributor:
/// https://github.com/morpho-dao/morpho-v1/blob/main/src/common/rewards-distribution/RewardsDistributor.sol
contract UniversalRewardsDistributor is Multicallable, IUniversalRewardsDistributorStaticTyping {
    using SafeERC20 for IERC20;

    /* STORAGE */

    /// @notice The merkle root of this distribution.
    bytes32 public root;

    /// @notice The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    bytes32 public ipfsHash;

    /// @notice The `amount` of `reward` token already claimed by `account`.
    mapping(address account => mapping(address reward => uint256 amount)) public claimed;

    /// @notice The address that can update the distribution parameters, and freeze a root.
    address public owner;

    /// @notice The addresses that can update the merkle root.
    mapping(address => bool) public isUpdater;

    /// @notice The timelock related to root updates.
    uint256 public timelock;

    /// @notice The pending root of the distribution.
    /// @dev If the pending root is set, the root can be updated after the timelock has expired.
    /// @dev The pending root is skipped if the timelock is set to 0.
    PendingRoot public pendingRoot;

    /// @notice The recipient address for each account's rewards.
    mapping(address account => address recipient) public recipients;

    /* MODIFIERS */

    /// @notice Reverts if the caller is not the owner.
    modifier onlyOwner() {
        require(msg.sender == owner, ErrorsLib.NOT_OWNER);
        _;
    }

    /// @notice Reverts if the caller has not the updater role.
    modifier onlyUpdaterRole() {
        require(isUpdater[msg.sender] || msg.sender == owner, ErrorsLib.NOT_UPDATER_ROLE);
        _;
    }

    /* CONSTRUCTOR */

    /// @notice Initializes the contract.
    /// @param initialOwner The initial owner of the contract.
    /// @param initialTimelock The initial timelock of the contract.
    /// @param initialRoot The initial merkle root.
    /// @param initialIpfsHash The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    /// @dev Warning: The `initialIpfsHash` might not correspond to the `initialRoot`.
    constructor(address initialOwner, uint256 initialTimelock, bytes32 initialRoot, bytes32 initialIpfsHash) {
        _setOwner(initialOwner);
        _setTimelock(initialTimelock);
        _setRoot(initialRoot, initialIpfsHash);
    }

    /* EXTERNAL */

    /// @notice Submits a new merkle root.
    /// @param newRoot The new merkle root.
    /// @param newIpfsHash The optional ipfs hash containing metadata about the root (e.g. the merkle tree itself).
    /// @dev Warning: The `newIpfsHash` might not correspond to the `newRoot`.
    function submitRoot(bytes32 newRoot, bytes32 newIpfsHash) external onlyUpdaterRole {
        require(newRoot != pendingRoot.root || newIpfsHash != pendingRoot.ipfsHash, ErrorsLib.ALREADY_PENDING);

        pendingRoot = PendingRoot({root: newRoot, ipfsHash: newIpfsHash, validAt: block.timestamp + timelock});

        emit EventsLib.PendingRootSet(msg.sender, newRoot, newIpfsHash);
    }

    /// @notice Accepts and sets the current pending merkle root.
    /// @dev This function can only be called after the timelock has expired.
    /// @dev Anyone can call this function.
    function acceptRoot() external {
        require(pendingRoot.validAt != 0, ErrorsLib.NO_PENDING_ROOT);
        require(block.timestamp >= pendingRoot.validAt, ErrorsLib.TIMELOCK_NOT_EXPIRED);

        _setRoot(pendingRoot.root, pendingRoot.ipfsHash);
    }

    /// @notice Revokes the pending root.
    /// @dev Can be frontrunned with `acceptRoot` in case the timelock h...

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