Cryo Explorer Ethereum Mainnet

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol";

/// @notice Free function to create a [ERC-1967](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967) proxy contract based on the passed base contract address.
/// @param _logic The base contract address.
/// @param _data The constructor arguments for this contract.
/// @return The address of the proxy contract created.
/// @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by _logic. If _data is non-empty, it’s used as data in a delegate call to _logic. This will typically be an encoded function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor (see [OpenZeppelin ERC1967Proxy-constructor](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/proxy#ERC1967Proxy-constructor-address-bytes-)).
function createERC1967Proxy(address _logic, bytes memory _data) returns (address) {
    return address(new ERC1967Proxy(_logic, _data));
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/ERC165StorageUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC20/IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC721/IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC1155/IERC1155Upgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/token/ERC1155/IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts/interfaces/IERC1271.sol";

import {IProtocolVersion} from "../../utils/protocol/IProtocolVersion.sol";
import {ProtocolVersion} from "../../utils/protocol/ProtocolVersion.sol";
import {PermissionManager} from "../permission/PermissionManager.sol";
import {CallbackHandler} from "../utils/CallbackHandler.sol";
import {hasBit, flipBit} from "../utils/BitMap.sol";
import {IEIP4824} from "./IEIP4824.sol";
import {IDAO} from "./IDAO.sol";

/// @title DAO
/// @author Aragon Association - 2021-2023
/// @notice This contract is the entry point to the Aragon DAO framework and provides our users a simple and easy to use public interface.
/// @dev Public API of the Aragon DAO framework.
contract DAO is
    IEIP4824,
    Initializable,
    IERC1271,
    ERC165StorageUpgradeable,
    IDAO,
    UUPSUpgradeable,
    ProtocolVersion,
    PermissionManager,
    CallbackHandler
{
    using SafeERC20Upgradeable for IERC20Upgradeable;
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `execute` function.
    bytes32 public constant EXECUTE_PERMISSION_ID = keccak256("EXECUTE_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `_authorizeUpgrade` function.
    bytes32 public constant UPGRADE_DAO_PERMISSION_ID = keccak256("UPGRADE_DAO_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `setMetadata` function.
    bytes32 public constant SET_METADATA_PERMISSION_ID = keccak256("SET_METADATA_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `setTrustedForwarder` function.
    bytes32 public constant SET_TRUSTED_FORWARDER_PERMISSION_ID =
        keccak256("SET_TRUSTED_FORWARDER_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `setSignatureValidator` function.
    bytes32 public constant SET_SIGNATURE_VALIDATOR_PERMISSION_ID =
        keccak256("SET_SIGNATURE_VALIDATOR_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `registerStandardCallback` function.
    bytes32 public constant REGISTER_STANDARD_CALLBACK_PERMISSION_ID =
        keccak256("REGISTER_STANDARD_CALLBACK_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice The internal constant storing the maximal action array length.
    uint256 internal constant MAX_ACTIONS = 256;

    /// @notice The first out of two values to which the `_reentrancyStatus` state variable (used by the `nonReentrant` modifier) can be set inidicating that a function was not entered.
    uint256 private constant _NOT_ENTERED = 1;

    /// @notice The second out of two values to which the `_reentrancyStatus` state variable (used by the `nonReentrant` modifier) can be set inidicating that a function was entered.
    uint256 private constant _ENTERED = 2;

    /// @notice The [ERC-1271](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271) signature validator contract.
    /// @dev Added in v1.0.0.
    IERC1271 public signatureValidator;

    /// @notice The address of the trusted forwarder verifying meta transactions.
    /// @dev Added in v1.0.0.
    address private trustedForwarder;

    /// @notice The [EIP-4824](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4824) DAO URI.
    /// @dev Added in v1.0.0.
    string private _daoURI;

    /// @notice The state variable for the reentrancy guard of the `execute` function.
    /// @dev Added in v1.3.0. The variable can be of value `_NOT_ENTERED = 1` or `_ENTERED = 2` in usage and is initialized with `_NOT_ENTERED`.
    uint256 private _reentrancyStatus;

    /// @notice Thrown if a call is reentrant.
    error ReentrantCall();

    /// @notice Thrown if the action array length is larger than `MAX_ACTIONS`.
    error TooManyActions();

    /// @notice Thrown if action execution has failed.
    /// @param index The index of the action in the action array that failed.
    error ActionFailed(uint256 index);

    /// @notice Thrown if an action has insufficent gas left.
    error InsufficientGas();

    /// @notice Thrown if the deposit amount is zero.
    error ZeroAmount();

    /// @notice Thrown if there is a mismatch between the expected and actually deposited amount of native tokens.
    /// @param expected The expected native token amount.
    /// @param actual The actual native token amount deposited.
    error NativeTokenDepositAmountMismatch(uint256 expected, uint256 actual);

    /// @notice Thrown if an upgrade is not supported from a specific protocol version .
    error ProtocolVersionUpgradeNotSupported(uint8[3] protocolVersion);

    /// @notice Emitted when a new DAO URI is set.
    /// @param daoURI The new URI.
    event NewURI(string daoURI);

    /// @notice A modifier to protect a function from calling itself, directly or indirectly (reentrancy).
    /// @dev Currently, this modifier is only applied to the `execute()` function. If this is used multiple times, private `_beforeNonReentrant()` and `_afterNonReentrant()` functions should be created to prevent code duplication.
    modifier nonReentrant() {
        if (_reentrancyStatus == _ENTERED) {
            revert ReentrantCall();
        }
        _reentrancyStatus = _ENTERED;

        _;

        _reentrancyStatus = _NOT_ENTERED;
    }

    /// @notice Disables the initializers on the implementation contract to prevent it from being left uninitialized.
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// @notice Initializes the DAO by
    /// - setting the reentrancy status variable to `_NOT_ENTERED`
    /// - registering the [ERC-165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165) interface ID
    /// - setting the trusted forwarder for meta transactions
    /// - giving the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission to the initial owner (that should be revoked and transferred to the DAO after setup).
    /// @dev This method is required to support [ERC-1822](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822).
    /// @param _metadata IPFS hash that points to all the metadata (logo, description, tags, etc.) of a DAO.
    /// @param _initialOwner The initial owner of the DAO having the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission.
    /// @param _trustedForwarder The trusted forwarder responsible for verifying meta transactions.
    /// @param daoURI_ The DAO URI required to support [ERC-4824](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4824).
    function initialize(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        address _initialOwner,
        address _trustedForwarder,
        string calldata daoURI_
    ) external reinitializer(2) {
        _reentrancyStatus = _NOT_ENTERED; // added in v1.3.0

        _registerInterface(type(IDAO).interfaceId);
        _registerInterface(type(IERC1271).interfaceId);
        _registerInterface(type(IEIP4824).interfaceId);
        _registerInterface(type(IProtocolVersion).interfaceId); // added in v1.3.0
        _registerTokenInterfaces();

        _setMetadata(_metadata);
        _setTrustedForwarder(_trustedForwarder);
        _setDaoURI(daoURI_);
        __PermissionManager_init(_initialOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Initializes the DAO after an upgrade from a previous protocol version.
    /// @param _previousProtocolVersion The semantic protocol version number of the previous DAO implementation contract this upgrade is transitioning from.
    /// @param _initData The initialization data to be passed to via `upgradeToAndCall` (see [ERC-1967](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/proxy#ERC1967Upgrade)).
    function initializeFrom(
        uint8[3] calldata _previousProtocolVersion,
        bytes calldata _initData
    ) external reinitializer(2) {
        _initData; // Silences the unused function parameter warning.

        // Check that the contract is not upgrading from a different major release.
        if (_previousProtocolVersion[0] != 1) {
            revert ProtocolVersionUpgradeNotSupported(_previousProtocolVersion);
        }

        // Initialize `_reentrancyStatus` that was added in v1.3.0.
        // Register Interface `ProtocolVersion` that was added in v1.3.0.
        if (_previousProtocolVersion[1] <= 2) {
            _reentrancyStatus = _NOT_ENTERED;
            _registerInterface(type(IProtocolVersion).interfaceId);
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc PermissionManager
    function isPermissionRestrictedForAnyAddr(
        bytes32 _permissionId
    ) internal pure override returns (bool) {
        return
            _permissionId == EXECUTE_PERMISSION_ID ||
            _permissionId == UPGRADE_DAO_PERMISSION_ID ||
            _permissionId == SET_METADATA_PERMISSION_ID ||
            _permissionId == SET_TRUSTED_FORWARDER_PERMISSION_ID ||
            _permissionId == SET_SIGNATURE_VALIDATOR_PERMISSION_ID ||
            _permissionId == REGISTER_STANDARD_CALLBACK_PERMISSION_ID;
    }

    /// @notice Internal method authorizing the upgrade of the contract via the [upgradeability mechanism for UUPS proxies](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/proxy#UUPSUpgradeable) (see [ERC-1822](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822)).
    /// @dev The caller must have the `UPGRADE_DAO_PERMISSION_ID` permission.
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal virtual override auth(UPGRADE_DAO_PERMISSION_ID) {}

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function setTrustedForwarder(
        address _newTrustedForwarder
    ) external override auth(SET_TRUSTED_FORWARDER_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _setTrustedForwarder(_newTrustedForwarder);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function getTrustedForwarder() external view virtual override returns (address) {
        return trustedForwarder;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function hasPermission(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external view override returns (bool) {
        return isGranted(_where, _who, _permissionId, _data);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function setMetadata(
        bytes calldata _metadata
    ) external override auth(SET_METADATA_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _setMetadata(_metadata);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function execute(
        bytes32 _callId,
        Action[] calldata _actions,
        uint256 _allowFailureMap
    )
        external
        override
        nonReentrant
        auth(EXECUTE_PERMISSION_ID)
        returns (bytes[] memory execResults, uint256 failureMap)
    {
        // Check that the action array length is within bounds.
        if (_actions.length > MAX_ACTIONS) {
            revert TooManyActions();
        }

        execResults = new bytes[](_actions.length);

        uint256 gasBefore;
        uint256 gasAfter;

        for (uint256 i = 0; i < _actions.length; ) {
            gasBefore = gasleft();

            (bool success, bytes memory result) = _actions[i].to.call{value: _actions[i].value}(
                _actions[i].data
            );
            gasAfter = gasleft();

            // Check if failure is allowed
            if (!hasBit(_allowFailureMap, uint8(i))) {
                // Check if the call failed.
                if (!success) {
                    revert ActionFailed(i);
                }
            } else {
                // Check if the call failed.
                if (!success) {
                    // Make sure that the action call did not fail because 63/64 of `gasleft()` was insufficient to execute the external call `.to.call` (see [ERC-150](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-150)).
                    // In specific scenarios, i.e. proposal execution where the last action in the action array is allowed to fail, the account calling `execute` could force-fail this action by setting a gas limit
                    // where 63/64 is insufficient causing the `.to.call` to fail, but where the remaining 1/64 gas are sufficient to successfully finish the `execute` call.
                    if (gasAfter < gasBefore / 64) {
                        revert InsufficientGas();
                    }

                    // Store that this action failed.
                    failureMap = flipBit(failureMap, uint8(i));
                }
            }

            execResults[i] = result;

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }

        emit Executed({
            actor: msg.sender,
            callId: _callId,
            actions: _actions,
            allowFailureMap: _allowFailureMap,
            failureMap: failureMap,
            execResults: execResults
        });
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function deposit(
        address _token,
        uint256 _amount,
        string calldata _reference
    ) external payable override {
        if (_amount == 0) revert ZeroAmount();

        if (_token == address(0)) {
            if (msg.value != _amount)
                revert NativeTokenDepositAmountMismatch({expected: _amount, actual: msg.value});
        } else {
            if (msg.value != 0)
                revert NativeTokenDepositAmountMismatch({expected: 0, actual: msg.value});

            IERC20Upgradeable(_token).safeTransferFrom(msg.sender, address(this), _amount);
        }

        emit Deposited(msg.sender, _token, _amount, _reference);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function setSignatureValidator(
        address _signatureValidator
    ) external override auth(SET_SIGNATURE_VALIDATOR_PERMISSION_ID) {
        signatureValidator = IERC1271(_signatureValidator);

        emit SignatureValidatorSet({signatureValidator: _signatureValidator});
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function isValidSignature(
        bytes32 _hash,
        bytes memory _signature
    ) external view override(IDAO, IERC1271) returns (bytes4) {
        if (address(signatureValidator) == address(0)) {
            // Return the invalid magic number
            return bytes4(0);
        }
        // Forward the call to the set signature validator contract
        return signatureValidator.isValidSignature(_hash, _signature);
    }

    /// @notice Emits the `NativeTokenDeposited` event to track native token deposits that weren't made via the deposit method.
    /// @dev This call is bound by the gas limitations for `send`/`transfer` calls introduced by [ERC-2929](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2929).
    /// Gas cost increases in future hard forks might break this function. As an alternative, [ERC-2930](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2930)-type transactions using access lists can be employed.
    receive() external payable {
        emit NativeTokenDeposited(msg.sender, msg.value);
    }

    /// @notice Fallback to handle future versions of the [ERC-165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165) standard.
    /// @param _input An alias being equivalent to `msg.data`. This feature of the fallback function was introduced with the [solidity compiler version 0.7.6](https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/releases/tag/v0.7.6)
    /// @return The magic number registered for the function selector triggering the fallback.
    fallback(bytes calldata _input) external returns (bytes memory) {
        bytes4 magicNumber = _handleCallback(msg.sig, _input);
        return abi.encode(magicNumber);
    }

    /// @notice Emits the MetadataSet event if new metadata is set.
    /// @param _metadata Hash of the IPFS metadata object.
    function _setMetadata(bytes calldata _metadata) internal {
        emit MetadataSet(_metadata);
    }

    /// @notice Sets the trusted forwarder on the DAO and emits the associated event.
    /// @param _trustedForwarder The trusted forwarder address.
    function _setTrustedForwarder(address _trustedForwarder) internal {
        trustedForwarder = _trustedForwarder;

        emit TrustedForwarderSet(_trustedForwarder);
    }

    /// @notice Registers the [ERC-721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721) and [ERC-1155](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155) interfaces and callbacks.
    function _registerTokenInterfaces() private {
        _registerInterface(type(IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable).interfaceId);
        _registerInterface(type(IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable).interfaceId);

        _registerCallback(
            IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC721Received.selector,
            IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC721Received.selector
        );
        _registerCallback(
            IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC1155Received.selector,
            IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC1155Received.selector
        );
        _registerCallback(
            IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector,
            IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable.onERC1155BatchReceived.selector
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IDAO
    function registerStandardCallback(
        bytes4 _interfaceId,
        bytes4 _callbackSelector,
        bytes4 _magicNumber
    ) external override auth(REGISTER_STANDARD_CALLBACK_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _registerInterface(_interfaceId);
        _registerCallback(_callbackSelector, _magicNumber);
        emit StandardCallbackRegistered(_interfaceId, _callbackSelector, _magicNumber);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IEIP4824
    function daoURI() external view returns (string memory) {
        return _daoURI;
    }

    /// @notice Updates the set DAO URI to a new value.
    /// @param newDaoURI The new DAO URI to be set.
    function setDaoURI(string calldata newDaoURI) external auth(SET_METADATA_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _setDaoURI(newDaoURI);
    }

    /// @notice Sets the new [ERC-4824](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4824) DAO URI and emits the associated event.
    /// @param daoURI_ The new DAO URI.
    function _setDaoURI(string calldata daoURI_) internal {
        _daoURI = daoURI_;

        emit NewURI(daoURI_);
    }

    /// @notice This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain (see [OpenZeppelin's guide about storage gaps](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps)).
    uint256[46] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @title IDAO
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice The interface required for DAOs within the Aragon App DAO framework.
interface IDAO {
    /// @notice The action struct to be consumed by the DAO's `execute` function resulting in an external call.
    /// @param to The address to call.
    /// @param value The native token value to be sent with the call.
    /// @param data The bytes-encoded function selector and calldata for the call.
    struct Action {
        address to;
        uint256 value;
        bytes data;
    }

    /// @notice Checks if an address has permission on a contract via a permission identifier and considers if `ANY_ADDRESS` was used in the granting process.
    /// @param _where The address of the contract.
    /// @param _who The address of a EOA or contract to give the permissions.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param _data The optional data passed to the `PermissionCondition` registered.
    /// @return Returns true if the address has permission, false if not.
    function hasPermission(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Updates the DAO metadata (e.g., an IPFS hash).
    /// @param _metadata The IPFS hash of the new metadata object.
    function setMetadata(bytes calldata _metadata) external;

    /// @notice Emitted when the DAO metadata is updated.
    /// @param metadata The IPFS hash of the new metadata object.
    event MetadataSet(bytes metadata);

    /// @notice Executes a list of actions. If a zero allow-failure map is provided, a failing action reverts the entire execution. If a non-zero allow-failure map is provided, allowed actions can fail without the entire call being reverted.
    /// @param _callId The ID of the call. The definition of the value of `callId` is up to the calling contract and can be used, e.g., as a nonce.
    /// @param _actions The array of actions.
    /// @param _allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing execution to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the execution succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    /// @return The array of results obtained from the executed actions in `bytes`.
    /// @return The resulting failure map containing the actions have actually failed.
    function execute(
        bytes32 _callId,
        Action[] memory _actions,
        uint256 _allowFailureMap
    ) external returns (bytes[] memory, uint256);

    /// @notice Emitted when a proposal is executed.
    /// @param actor The address of the caller.
    /// @param callId The ID of the call.
    /// @param actions The array of actions executed.
    /// @param allowFailureMap The allow failure map encoding which actions are allowed to fail.
    /// @param failureMap The failure map encoding which actions have failed.
    /// @param execResults The array with the results of the executed actions.
    /// @dev The value of `callId` is defined by the component/contract calling the execute function. A `Plugin` implementation can use it, for example, as a nonce.
    event Executed(
        address indexed actor,
        bytes32 callId,
        Action[] actions,
        uint256 allowFailureMap,
        uint256 failureMap,
        bytes[] execResults
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when a standard callback is registered.
    /// @param interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @param callbackSelector The selector of the callback function.
    /// @param magicNumber The magic number to be registered for the callback function selector.
    event StandardCallbackRegistered(
        bytes4 interfaceId,
        bytes4 callbackSelector,
        bytes4 magicNumber
    );

    /// @notice Deposits (native) tokens to the DAO contract with a reference string.
    /// @param _token The address of the token or address(0) in case of the native token.
    /// @param _amount The amount of tokens to deposit.
    /// @param _reference The reference describing the deposit reason.
    function deposit(address _token, uint256 _amount, string calldata _reference) external payable;

    /// @notice Emitted when a token deposit has been made to the DAO.
    /// @param sender The address of the sender.
    /// @param token The address of the deposited token.
    /// @param amount The amount of tokens deposited.
    /// @param _reference The reference describing the deposit reason.
    event Deposited(
        address indexed sender,
        address indexed token,
        uint256 amount,
        string _reference
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when a native token deposit has been made to the DAO.
    /// @dev This event is intended to be emitted in the `receive` function and is therefore bound by the gas limitations for `send`/`transfer` calls introduced by [ERC-2929](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2929).
    /// @param sender The address of the sender.
    /// @param amount The amount of native tokens deposited.
    event NativeTokenDeposited(address sender, uint256 amount);

    /// @notice Setter for the trusted forwarder verifying the meta transaction.
    /// @param _trustedForwarder The trusted forwarder address.
    function setTrustedForwarder(address _trustedForwarder) external;

    /// @notice Getter for the trusted forwarder verifying the meta transaction.
    /// @return The trusted forwarder address.
    function getTrustedForwarder() external view returns (address);

    /// @notice Emitted when a new TrustedForwarder is set on the DAO.
    /// @param forwarder the new forwarder address.
    event TrustedForwarderSet(address forwarder);

    /// @notice Setter for the [ERC-1271](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271) signature validator contract.
    /// @param _signatureValidator The address of the signature validator.
    function setSignatureValidator(address _signatureValidator) external;

    /// @notice Emitted when the signature validator address is updated.
    /// @param signatureValidator The address of the signature validator.
    event SignatureValidatorSet(address signatureValidator);

    /// @notice Checks whether a signature is valid for the provided hash by forwarding the call to the set [ERC-1271](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271) signature validator contract.
    /// @param _hash The hash of the data to be signed.
    /// @param _signature The signature byte array associated with `_hash`.
    /// @return Returns the `bytes4` magic value `0x1626ba7e` if the signature is valid.
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 _hash, bytes memory _signature) external returns (bytes4);

    /// @notice Registers an ERC standard having a callback by registering its [ERC-165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165) interface ID and callback function signature.
    /// @param _interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @param _callbackSelector The selector of the callback function.
    /// @param _magicNumber The magic number to be registered for the function signature.
    function registerStandardCallback(
        bytes4 _interfaceId,
        bytes4 _callbackSelector,
        bytes4 _magicNumber
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {IDAO} from "../dao/IDAO.sol";

/// @notice Thrown if a call is unauthorized in the associated DAO.
/// @param dao The associated DAO.
/// @param where The context in which the authorization reverted.
/// @param who The address (EOA or contract) missing the permission.
/// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
error DaoUnauthorized(address dao, address where, address who, bytes32 permissionId);

/// @notice A free function checking if a caller is granted permissions on a target contract via a permission identifier that redirects the approval to a `PermissionCondition` if this was specified in the setup.
/// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `who` receives permission.
/// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) owning the permission.
/// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
/// @param _data The optional data passed to the `PermissionCondition` registered.
function _auth(
    IDAO _dao,
    address _where,
    address _who,
    bytes32 _permissionId,
    bytes calldata _data
) view {
    if (!_dao.hasPermission(_where, _who, _permissionId, _data))
        revert DaoUnauthorized({
            dao: address(_dao),
            where: _where,
            who: _who,
            permissionId: _permissionId
        });
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

/// @title EIP-4824 Common Interfaces for DAOs
/// @dev See https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-4824
/// @author Aragon Association - 2021-2023
interface IEIP4824 {
    /// @notice A distinct Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) pointing to a JSON object following the "EIP-4824 DAO JSON-LD Schema". This JSON file splits into four URIs: membersURI, proposalsURI, activityLogURI, and governanceURI. The membersURI should point to a JSON file that conforms to the "EIP-4824 Members JSON-LD Schema". The proposalsURI should point to a JSON file that conforms to the "EIP-4824 Proposals JSON-LD Schema". The activityLogURI should point to a JSON file that conforms to the "EIP-4824 Activity Log JSON-LD Schema". The governanceURI should point to a flatfile, normatively a .md file. Each of the JSON files named above can be statically hosted or dynamically-generated.
    /// @return _daoURI The DAO URI.
    function daoURI() external view returns (string memory _daoURI);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

/// @param bitmap The `uint256` representation of bits.
/// @param index The index number to check whether 1 or 0 is set.
/// @return Returns `true` if the bit is set at `index` on `bitmap`.
function hasBit(uint256 bitmap, uint8 index) pure returns (bool) {
    uint256 bitValue = bitmap & (1 << index);
    return bitValue > 0;
}

/// @param bitmap The `uint256` representation of bits.
/// @param index The index number to set the bit.
/// @return Returns a new number in which the bit is set at `index`.
function flipBit(uint256 bitmap, uint8 index) pure returns (uint256) {
    return bitmap ^ (1 << index);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @title IPlugin
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An interface defining the traits of a plugin.
interface IPlugin {
    enum PluginType {
        UUPS,
        Cloneable,
        Constructable
    }

    /// @notice Returns the plugin's type
    function pluginType() external view returns (PluginType);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @notice Increments an unsigned integer by one without checking the result for overflow errors (using safe math).
/// @param i The number to be incremented.
/// @return The number incremented by one.
function _uncheckedIncrement(uint256 i) pure returns (uint256) {
    unchecked {
        ++i;
    }
    return i;
}

/// @notice Adds two unsigned integers without checking the result for overflow errors (using safe math).
/// @param a The first summand.
/// @param b The second summand.
/// @return The sum.
function _uncheckedAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) pure returns (uint256) {
    unchecked {
        return a + b;
    }
}

/// @notice Subtracts two unsigned integers without checking the result for overflow errors (using safe math).
/// @param a The minuend.
/// @param b The subtrahend.
/// @return The difference.
function _uncheckedSub(uint256 a, uint256 b) pure returns (uint256) {
    unchecked {
        return a - b;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {CheckpointsUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/CheckpointsUpgradeable.sol";

import {_uncheckedAdd, _uncheckedSub} from "../../utils/UncheckedMath.sol";

/// @title Addresslist
/// @author Aragon Association - 2021-2023
/// @notice The majority voting implementation using a list of member addresses.
/// @dev This contract inherits from `MajorityVotingBase` and implements the `IMajorityVoting` interface.
abstract contract Addresslist {
    using CheckpointsUpgradeable for CheckpointsUpgradeable.History;

    /// @notice The mapping containing the checkpointed history of the address list.
    mapping(address => CheckpointsUpgradeable.History) private _addresslistCheckpoints;

    /// @notice The checkpointed history of the length of the address list.
    CheckpointsUpgradeable.History private _addresslistLengthCheckpoints;

    /// @notice Thrown when the address list update is invalid, which can be caused by the addition of an existing member or removal of a non-existing member.
    /// @param member The array of member addresses to be added or removed.
    error InvalidAddresslistUpdate(address member);

    /// @notice Checks if an account is on the address list at a specific block number.
    /// @param _account The account address being checked.
    /// @param _blockNumber The block number.
    /// @return Whether the account is listed at the specified block number.
    function isListedAtBlock(
        address _account,
        uint256 _blockNumber
    ) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _addresslistCheckpoints[_account].getAtBlock(_blockNumber) == 1;
    }

    /// @notice Checks if an account is currently on the address list.
    /// @param _account The account address being checked.
    /// @return Whether the account is currently listed.
    function isListed(address _account) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return _addresslistCheckpoints[_account].latest() == 1;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the length of the address list at a specific block number.
    /// @param _blockNumber The specific block to get the count from. If `0`, then the latest checkpoint value is returned.
    /// @return The address list length at the specified block number.
    function addresslistLengthAtBlock(uint256 _blockNumber) public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _addresslistLengthCheckpoints.getAtBlock(_blockNumber);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the current length of the address list.
    /// @return The current address list length.
    function addresslistLength() public view virtual returns (uint256) {
        return _addresslistLengthCheckpoints.latest();
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to add new addresses to the address list.
    /// @param _newAddresses The new addresses to be added.
    function _addAddresses(address[] calldata _newAddresses) internal virtual {
        for (uint256 i; i < _newAddresses.length; ) {
            if (isListed(_newAddresses[i])) {
                revert InvalidAddresslistUpdate(_newAddresses[i]);
            }

            // Mark the address as listed
            _addresslistCheckpoints[_newAddresses[i]].push(1);

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        _addresslistLengthCheckpoints.push(_uncheckedAdd, _newAddresses.length);
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to remove existing addresses from the address list.
    /// @param _exitingAddresses The existing addresses to be removed.
    function _removeAddresses(address[] calldata _exitingAddresses) internal virtual {
        for (uint256 i; i < _exitingAddresses.length; ) {
            if (!isListed(_exitingAddresses[i])) {
                revert InvalidAddresslistUpdate(_exitingAddresses[i]);
            }

            // Mark the address as not listed
            _addresslistCheckpoints[_exitingAddresses[i]].push(0);

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
        _addresslistLengthCheckpoints.push(_uncheckedSub, _exitingAddresses.length);
    }

    /// @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
    /// variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
    /// https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
    uint256[48] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

/// @title CallbackHandler
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice This contract handles callbacks by registering a magic number together with the callback function's selector. It provides the `_handleCallback` function that inheriting contracts have to call inside their `fallback()` function  (`_handleCallback(msg.callbackSelector, msg.data)`).  This allows to adaptively register ERC standards (e.g., [ERC-721](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-721), [ERC-1115](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155), or future versions of [ERC-165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165)) and returning the required magic numbers for the associated callback functions for the inheriting contract so that it doesn't need to be upgraded.
/// @dev This callback handling functionality is intented to be used by executor contracts (i.e., `DAO.sol`).
abstract contract CallbackHandler {
    /// @notice A mapping between callback function selectors and magic return numbers.
    mapping(bytes4 => bytes4) internal callbackMagicNumbers;

    /// @notice The magic number refering to unregistered callbacks.
    bytes4 internal constant UNREGISTERED_CALLBACK = bytes4(0);

    /// @notice Thrown if the callback function is not registered.
    /// @param callbackSelector The selector of the callback function.
    /// @param magicNumber The magic number to be registered for the callback function selector.
    error UnkownCallback(bytes4 callbackSelector, bytes4 magicNumber);

    /// @notice Emitted when `_handleCallback` is called.
    /// @param sender Who called the callback.
    /// @param sig The function signature.
    /// @param data The calldata.
    event CallbackReceived(address sender, bytes4 indexed sig, bytes data);

    /// @notice Handles callbacks to adaptively support ERC standards.
    /// @dev This function is supposed to be called via `_handleCallback(msg.sig, msg.data)` in the `fallback()` function of the inheriting contract.
    /// @param _callbackSelector The function selector of the callback function.
    /// @param _data The calldata.
    /// @return The magic number registered for the function selector triggering the fallback.
    function _handleCallback(
        bytes4 _callbackSelector,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes4) {
        bytes4 magicNumber = callbackMagicNumbers[_callbackSelector];
        if (magicNumber == UNREGISTERED_CALLBACK) {
            revert UnkownCallback({callbackSelector: _callbackSelector, magicNumber: magicNumber});
        }

        emit CallbackReceived({sender: msg.sender, sig: _callbackSelector, data: _data});

        return magicNumber;
    }

    /// @notice Registers a magic number for a callback function selector.
    /// @param _callbackSelector The selector of the callback function.
    /// @param _magicNumber The magic number to be registered for the callback function selector.
    function _registerCallback(bytes4 _callbackSelector, bytes4 _magicNumber) internal virtual {
        callbackMagicNumbers[_callbackSelector] = _magicNumber;
    }

    /// @notice This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain (see [OpenZeppelin's guide about storage gaps](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps)).
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @title PermissionLib
/// @author Aragon Association - 2021-2023
/// @notice A library containing objects for permission processing.
library PermissionLib {
    /// @notice A constant expressing that no condition is applied to a permission.
    address public constant NO_CONDITION = address(0);

    /// @notice The types of permission operations available in the `PermissionManager`.
    /// @param Grant The grant operation setting a permission without a condition.
    /// @param Revoke The revoke operation removing a permission (that was granted with or without a condition).
    /// @param GrantWithCondition The grant operation setting a permission with a condition.
    enum Operation {
        Grant,
        Revoke,
        GrantWithCondition
    }

    /// @notice A struct containing the information for a permission to be applied on a single target contract without a condition.
    /// @param operation The permission operation type.
    /// @param who The address (EOA or contract) receiving the permission.
    /// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
    struct SingleTargetPermission {
        Operation operation;
        address who;
        bytes32 permissionId;
    }

    /// @notice A struct containing the information for a permission to be applied on multiple target contracts, optionally, with a condition.
    /// @param operation The permission operation type.
    /// @param where The address of the target contract for which `who` receives permission.
    /// @param who The address (EOA or contract) receiving the permission.
    /// @param condition The `PermissionCondition` that will be asked for authorization on calls connected to the specified permission identifier.
    /// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
    struct MultiTargetPermission {
        Operation operation;
        address where;
        address who;
        address condition;
        bytes32 permissionId;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {IDAO} from "../../dao/IDAO.sol";

/// @title IProposal
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An interface to be implemented by DAO plugins that create and execute proposals.
interface IProposal {
    /// @notice Emitted when a proposal is created.
    /// @param proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @param creator  The creator of the proposal.
    /// @param startDate The start date of the proposal in seconds.
    /// @param endDate The end date of the proposal in seconds.
    /// @param metadata The metadata of the proposal.
    /// @param actions The actions that will be executed if the proposal passes.
    /// @param allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing the proposal to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the proposal succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    event ProposalCreated(
        uint256 indexed proposalId,
        address indexed creator,
        uint64 startDate,
        uint64 endDate,
        bytes metadata,
        IDAO.Action[] actions,
        uint256 allowFailureMap
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when a proposal is executed.
    /// @param proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    event ProposalExecuted(uint256 indexed proposalId);

    /// @notice Returns the proposal count determining the next proposal ID.
    /// @return The proposal count.
    function proposalCount() external view returns (uint256);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import {IProtocolVersion} from "./IProtocolVersion.sol";

/// @title ProtocolVersion
/// @author Aragon Association - 2023
/// @notice An abstract, stateless, non-upgradeable contract serves as a base for other contracts requiring awareness of the OSx protocol version.
/// @dev Do not add any new variables to this contract that would shift down storage in the inheritance chain.
abstract contract ProtocolVersion is IProtocolVersion {
    // IMPORTANT: Do not add any storage variable, see the above notice.

    /// @inheritdoc IProtocolVersion
    function protocolVersion() public pure returns (uint8[3] memory) {
        return [1, 3, 0];
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (proxy/Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides a fallback function that delegates all calls to another contract using the EVM
 * instruction `delegatecall`. We refer to the second contract as the _implementation_ behind the proxy, and it has to
 * be specified by overriding the virtual {_implementation} function.
 *
 * Additionally, delegation to the implementation can be triggered manually through the {_fallback} function, or to a
 * different contract through the {_delegate} function.
 *
 * The success and return data of the delegated call will be returned back to the caller of the proxy.
 */
abstract contract Proxy {
    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to `implementation`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _delegate(address implementation) internal virtual {
        assembly {
            // Copy msg.data. We take full control of memory in this inline assembly
            // block because it will not return to Solidity code. We overwrite the
            // Solidity scratch pad at memory position 0.
            calldatacopy(0, 0, calldatasize())

            // Call the implementation.
            // out and outsize are 0 because we don't know the size yet.
            let result := delegatecall(gas(), implementation, 0, calldatasize(), 0, 0)

            // Copy the returned data.
            returndatacopy(0, 0, returndatasize())

            switch result
            // delegatecall returns 0 on error.
            case 0 {
                revert(0, returndatasize())
            }
            default {
                return(0, returndatasize())
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev This is a virtual function that should be overridden so it returns the address to which the fallback function
     * and {_fallback} should delegate.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual returns (address);

    /**
     * @dev Delegates the current call to the address returned by `_implementation()`.
     *
     * This function does not return to its internal call site, it will return directly to the external caller.
     */
    function _fallback() internal virtual {
        _beforeFallback();
        _delegate(_implementation());
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if no other
     * function in the contract matches the call data.
     */
    fallback() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Fallback function that delegates calls to the address returned by `_implementation()`. Will run if call data
     * is empty.
     */
    receive() external payable virtual {
        _fallback();
    }

    /**
     * @dev Hook that is called before falling back to the implementation. Can happen as part of a manual `_fallback`
     * call, or as part of the Solidity `fallback` or `receive` functions.
     *
     * If overridden should call `super._beforeFallback()`.
     */
    function _beforeFallback() internal virtual {}
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @title IProtocolVersion
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An interface defining the semantic OSx protocol version.
interface IProtocolVersion {
    /// @notice Returns the protocol version at which the current contract was built. Use it to check for future upgrades that might be applicable.
    /// @return _version Returns the semantic OSx protocol version.
    function protocolVersion() external view returns (uint8[3] memory _version);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (proxy/Clones.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167[EIP 1167] is a standard for
 * deploying minimal proxy contracts, also known as "clones".
 *
 * > To simply and cheaply clone contract functionality in an immutable way, this standard specifies
 * > a minimal bytecode implementation that delegates all calls to a known, fixed address.
 *
 * The library includes functions to deploy a proxy using either `create` (traditional deployment) or `create2`
 * (salted deterministic deployment). It also includes functions to predict the addresses of clones deployed using the
 * deterministic method.
 *
 * _Available since v3.4._
 */
library Clones {
    /**
     * @dev Deploys and returns the address of a clone that mimics the behaviour of `implementation`.
     *
     * This function uses the create opcode, which should never revert.
     */
    function clone(address implementation) internal returns (address instance) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            // Cleans the upper 96 bits of the `implementation` word, then packs the first 3 bytes
            // of the `implementation` address with the bytecode before the address.
            mstore(0x00, or(shr(0xe8, shl(0x60, implementation)), 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000))
            // Packs the remaining 17 bytes of `implementation` with the bytecode after the address.
            mstore(0x20, or(shl(0x78, implementation), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3))
            instance := create(0, 0x09, 0x37)
        }
        require(instance != address(0), "ERC1167: create failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deploys and returns the address of a clone that mimics the behaviour of `implementation`.
     *
     * This function uses the create2 opcode and a `salt` to deterministically deploy
     * the clone. Using the same `implementation` and `salt` multiple time will revert, since
     * the clones cannot be deployed twice at the same address.
     */
    function cloneDeterministic(address implementation, bytes32 salt) internal returns (address instance) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            // Cleans the upper 96 bits of the `implementation` word, then packs the first 3 bytes
            // of the `implementation` address with the bytecode before the address.
            mstore(0x00, or(shr(0xe8, shl(0x60, implementation)), 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73000000))
            // Packs the remaining 17 bytes of `implementation` with the bytecode after the address.
            mstore(0x20, or(shl(0x78, implementation), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3))
            instance := create2(0, 0x09, 0x37, salt)
        }
        require(instance != address(0), "ERC1167: create2 failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the address of a clone deployed using {Clones-cloneDeterministic}.
     */
    function predictDeterministicAddress(
        address implementation,
        bytes32 salt,
        address deployer
    ) internal pure returns (address predicted) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            let ptr := mload(0x40)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x38), deployer)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x24), 0x5af43d82803e903d91602b57fd5bf3ff)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x14), implementation)
            mstore(ptr, 0x3d602d80600a3d3981f3363d3d373d3d3d363d73)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x58), salt)
            mstore(add(ptr, 0x78), keccak256(add(ptr, 0x0c), 0x37))
            predicted := keccak256(add(ptr, 0x43), 0x55)
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Computes the address of a clone deployed using {Clones-cloneDeterministic}.
     */
    function predictDeterministicAddress(address implementation, bytes32 salt)
        internal
        view
        returns (address predicted)
    {
        return predictDeterministicAddress(implementation, salt, address(this));
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library Address {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionDelegateCall(target, data, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function functionDelegateCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

import {IPermissionCondition} from "./IPermissionCondition.sol";
import {PermissionCondition} from "./PermissionCondition.sol";
import "./PermissionLib.sol";

/// @title PermissionManager
/// @author Aragon Association - 2021-2023
/// @notice The abstract permission manager used in a DAO, its associated plugins, and other framework-related components.
abstract contract PermissionManager is Initializable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `grant`, `grantWithCondition`, `revoke`, and `bulk` function.
    bytes32 public constant ROOT_PERMISSION_ID = keccak256("ROOT_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice A special address encoding permissions that are valid for any address `who` or `where`.
    address internal constant ANY_ADDR = address(type(uint160).max);

    /// @notice A special address encoding if a permissions is not set and therefore not allowed.
    address internal constant UNSET_FLAG = address(0);

    /// @notice A special address encoding if a permission is allowed.
    address internal constant ALLOW_FLAG = address(2);

    /// @notice A mapping storing permissions as hashes (i.e., `permissionHash(where, who, permissionId)`) and their status encoded by an address (unset, allowed, or redirecting to a `PermissionCondition`).
    mapping(bytes32 => address) internal permissionsHashed;

    /// @notice Thrown if a call is unauthorized.
    /// @param where The context in which the authorization reverted.
    /// @param who The address (EOA or contract) missing the permission.
    /// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
    error Unauthorized(address where, address who, bytes32 permissionId);

    /// @notice Thrown if a permission has been already granted with a different condition.
    /// @dev This makes sure that condition on the same permission can not be overwriten by a different condition.
    /// @param where The address of the target contract to grant `_who` permission to.
    /// @param who The address (EOA or contract) to which the permission has already been granted.
    /// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param currentCondition The current condition set for permissionId.
    /// @param newCondition The new condition it tries to set for permissionId.
    error PermissionAlreadyGrantedForDifferentCondition(
        address where,
        address who,
        bytes32 permissionId,
        address currentCondition,
        address newCondition
    );

    /// @notice Thrown if a condition address is not a contract.
    /// @param condition The address that is not a contract.
    error ConditionNotAContract(IPermissionCondition condition);

    /// @notice Thrown if a condition contract does not support the `IPermissionCondition` interface.
    /// @param condition The address that is not a contract.
    error ConditionInterfacNotSupported(IPermissionCondition condition);

    /// @notice Thrown for `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` or `EXECUTE_PERMISSION_ID` permission grants where `who` or `where` is `ANY_ADDR`.

    error PermissionsForAnyAddressDisallowed();

    /// @notice Thrown for permission grants where `who` and `where` are both `ANY_ADDR`.
    error AnyAddressDisallowedForWhoAndWhere();

    /// @notice Thrown if `Operation.GrantWithCondition` is requested as an operation but the method does not support it.
    error GrantWithConditionNotSupported();

    /// @notice Emitted when a permission `permission` is granted in the context `here` to the address `_who` for the contract `_where`.
    /// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param here The address of the context in which the permission is granted.
    /// @param where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param who The address (EOA or contract) receiving the permission.
    /// @param condition The address `ALLOW_FLAG` for regular permissions or, alternatively, the `IPermissionCondition` contract implementation to be used.
    event Granted(
        bytes32 indexed permissionId,
        address indexed here,
        address where,
        address indexed who,
        address condition
    );

    /// @notice Emitted when a permission `permission` is revoked in the context `here` from the address `_who` for the contract `_where`.
    /// @param permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param here The address of the context in which the permission is revoked.
    /// @param where The address of the target contract for which `_who` loses permission.
    /// @param who The address (EOA or contract) losing the permission.
    event Revoked(
        bytes32 indexed permissionId,
        address indexed here,
        address where,
        address indexed who
    );

    /// @notice A modifier to make functions on inheriting contracts authorized. Permissions to call the function are checked through this permission manager.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier required to call the method this modifier is applied to.
    modifier auth(bytes32 _permissionId) {
        _auth(_permissionId);
        _;
    }

    /// @notice Initialization method to set the initial owner of the permission manager.
    /// @dev The initial owner is granted the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission.
    /// @param _initialOwner The initial owner of the permission manager.
    function __PermissionManager_init(address _initialOwner) internal onlyInitializing {
        _initializePermissionManager(_initialOwner);
    }

    /// @notice Grants permission to an address to call methods in a contract guarded by an auth modifier with the specified permission identifier.
    /// @dev Requires the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) receiving the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @dev Note, that granting permissions with `_who` or `_where` equal to `ANY_ADDR` does not replace other permissions with specific `_who` and `_where` addresses that exist in parallel.
    function grant(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId
    ) external virtual auth(ROOT_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _grant(_where, _who, _permissionId);
    }

    /// @notice Grants permission to an address to call methods in a target contract guarded by an auth modifier with the specified permission identifier if the referenced condition permits it.
    /// @dev Requires the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) receiving the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param _condition The `PermissionCondition` that will be asked for authorization on calls connected to the specified permission identifier.
    /// @dev Note, that granting permissions with `_who` or `_where` equal to `ANY_ADDR` does not replace other permissions with specific `_who` and `_where` addresses that exist in parallel.
    function grantWithCondition(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        IPermissionCondition _condition
    ) external virtual auth(ROOT_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _grantWithCondition(_where, _who, _permissionId, _condition);
    }

    /// @notice Revokes permission from an address to call methods in a target contract guarded by an auth modifier with the specified permission identifier.
    /// @dev Requires the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` loses permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) losing the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @dev Note, that revoking permissions with `_who` or `_where` equal to `ANY_ADDR` does not revoke other permissions with specific `_who` and `_where` addresses that exist in parallel.
    function revoke(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId
    ) external virtual auth(ROOT_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _revoke(_where, _who, _permissionId);
    }

    /// @notice Applies an array of permission operations on a single target contracts `_where`.
    /// @param _where The address of the single target contract.
    /// @param items The array of single-targeted permission operations to apply.
    function applySingleTargetPermissions(
        address _where,
        PermissionLib.SingleTargetPermission[] calldata items
    ) external virtual auth(ROOT_PERMISSION_ID) {
        for (uint256 i; i < items.length; ) {
            PermissionLib.SingleTargetPermission memory item = items[i];

            if (item.operation == PermissionLib.Operation.Grant) {
                _grant(_where, item.who, item.permissionId);
            } else if (item.operation == PermissionLib.Operation.Revoke) {
                _revoke(_where, item.who, item.permissionId);
            } else if (item.operation == PermissionLib.Operation.GrantWithCondition) {
                revert GrantWithConditionNotSupported();
            }

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Applies an array of permission operations on multiple target contracts `items[i].where`.
    /// @param _items The array of multi-targeted permission operations to apply.
    function applyMultiTargetPermissions(
        PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[] calldata _items
    ) external virtual auth(ROOT_PERMISSION_ID) {
        for (uint256 i; i < _items.length; ) {
            PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission memory item = _items[i];

            if (item.operation == PermissionLib.Operation.Grant) {
                _grant(item.where, item.who, item.permissionId);
            } else if (item.operation == PermissionLib.Operation.Revoke) {
                _revoke(item.where, item.who, item.permissionId);
            } else if (item.operation == PermissionLib.Operation.GrantWithCondition) {
                _grantWithCondition(
                    item.where,
                    item.who,
                    item.permissionId,
                    IPermissionCondition(item.condition)
                );
            }

            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }
    }

    /// @notice Checks if an address has permission on a contract via a permission identifier and considers if `ANY_ADDRESS` was used in the granting process.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) for which the permission is checked.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param _data The optional data passed to the `PermissionCondition` registered.
    /// @return Returns true if `_who` has the permissions on the target contract via the specified permission identifier.
    function isGranted(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) public view virtual returns (bool) {
        return
            _isGranted(_where, _who, _permissionId, _data) || // check if `_who` has permission for `_permissionId` on `_where`
            _isGranted(_where, ANY_ADDR, _permissionId, _data) || // check if anyone has permission for `_permissionId` on `_where`
            _isGranted(ANY_ADDR, _who, _permissionId, _data); // check if `_who` has permission for `_permissionI` on any contract
    }

    /// @notice Grants the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` permission to the initial owner during initialization of the permission manager.
    /// @param _initialOwner The initial owner of the permission manager.
    function _initializePermissionManager(address _initialOwner) internal {
        _grant(address(this), _initialOwner, ROOT_PERMISSION_ID);
    }

    /// @notice This method is used in the external `grant` method of the permission manager.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) owning the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @dev Note, that granting permissions with `_who` or `_where` equal to `ANY_ADDR` does not replace other permissions with specific `_who` and `_where` addresses that exist in parallel.
    function _grant(address _where, address _who, bytes32 _permissionId) internal virtual {
        if (_where == ANY_ADDR || _who == ANY_ADDR) {
            revert PermissionsForAnyAddressDisallowed();
        }

        bytes32 permHash = permissionHash(_where, _who, _permissionId);

        address currentFlag = permissionsHashed[permHash];

        // Means permHash is not currently set.
        if (currentFlag == UNSET_FLAG) {
            permissionsHashed[permHash] = ALLOW_FLAG;

            emit Granted(_permissionId, msg.sender, _where, _who, ALLOW_FLAG);
        }
    }

    /// @notice This method is used in the external `grantWithCondition` method of the permission manager.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) owning the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param _condition An address either resolving to a `PermissionCondition` contract address or being the `ALLOW_FLAG` address (`address(2)`).
    /// @dev Note, that granting permissions with `_who` or `_where` equal to `ANY_ADDR` does not replace other permissions with specific `_who` and `_where` addresses that exist in parallel.
    function _grantWithCondition(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        IPermissionCondition _condition
    ) internal virtual {
        address conditionAddr = address(_condition);

        if (!conditionAddr.isContract()) {
            revert ConditionNotAContract(_condition);
        }

        if (
            !PermissionCondition(conditionAddr).supportsInterface(
                type(IPermissionCondition).interfaceId
            )
        ) {
            revert ConditionInterfacNotSupported(_condition);
        }

        if (_where == ANY_ADDR && _who == ANY_ADDR) {
            revert AnyAddressDisallowedForWhoAndWhere();
        }

        if (_where == ANY_ADDR || _who == ANY_ADDR) {
            if (
                _permissionId == ROOT_PERMISSION_ID ||
                isPermissionRestrictedForAnyAddr(_permissionId)
            ) {
                revert PermissionsForAnyAddressDisallowed();
            }
        }

        bytes32 permHash = permissionHash(_where, _who, _permissionId);

        address currentCondition = permissionsHashed[permHash];

        // Means permHash is not currently set.
        if (currentCondition == UNSET_FLAG) {
            permissionsHashed[permHash] = conditionAddr;

            emit Granted(_permissionId, msg.sender, _where, _who, conditionAddr);
        } else if (currentCondition != conditionAddr) {
            // Revert if `permHash` is already granted, but uses a different condition.
            // If we don't revert, we either should:
            //   - allow overriding the condition on the same permission
            //     which could be confusing whoever granted the same permission first
            //   - or do nothing and succeed silently which could be confusing for the caller.
            revert PermissionAlreadyGrantedForDifferentCondition({
                where: _where,
                who: _who,
                permissionId: _permissionId,
                currentCondition: currentCondition,
                newCondition: conditionAddr
            });
        }
    }

    /// @notice This method is used in the public `revoke` method of the permission manager.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) owning the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @dev Note, that revoking permissions with `_who` or `_where` equal to `ANY_ADDR` does not revoke other permissions with specific `_who` and `_where` addresses that might have been granted in parallel.
    function _revoke(address _where, address _who, bytes32 _permissionId) internal virtual {
        bytes32 permHash = permissionHash(_where, _who, _permissionId);
        if (permissionsHashed[permHash] != UNSET_FLAG) {
            permissionsHashed[permHash] = UNSET_FLAG;

            emit Revoked(_permissionId, msg.sender, _where, _who);
        }
    }

    /// @notice Checks if a caller is granted permissions on a target contract via a permission identifier and redirects the approval to a `PermissionCondition` if this was specified in the setup.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) owning the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param _data The optional data passed to the `PermissionCondition` registered.
    /// @return Returns true if `_who` has the permissions on the contract via the specified permissionId identifier.
    function _isGranted(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        address accessFlagOrCondition = permissionsHashed[
            permissionHash(_where, _who, _permissionId)
        ];

        if (accessFlagOrCondition == UNSET_FLAG) return false;
        if (accessFlagOrCondition == ALLOW_FLAG) return true;

        // Since it's not a flag, assume it's a PermissionCondition and try-catch to skip failures
        try
            IPermissionCondition(accessFlagOrCondition).isGranted(
                _where,
                _who,
                _permissionId,
                _data
            )
        returns (bool allowed) {
            if (allowed) return true;
        } catch {}

        return false;
    }

    /// @notice A private function to be used to check permissions on the permission manager contract (`address(this)`) itself.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier required to call the method this modifier is applied to.
    function _auth(bytes32 _permissionId) internal view virtual {
        if (!isGranted(address(this), msg.sender, _permissionId, msg.data)) {
            revert Unauthorized({
                where: address(this),
                who: msg.sender,
                permissionId: _permissionId
            });
        }
    }

    /// @notice Generates the hash for the `permissionsHashed` mapping obtained from the word "PERMISSION", the contract address, the address owning the permission, and the permission identifier.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract for which `_who` receives permission.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) owning the permission.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @return The permission hash.
    function permissionHash(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId
    ) internal pure virtual returns (bytes32) {
        return keccak256(abi.encodePacked("PERMISSION", _who, _where, _permissionId));
    }

    /// @notice Decides if the granting permissionId is restricted when `_who == ANY_ADDR` or `_where == ANY_ADDR`.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @return Whether or not the permission is restricted.
    /// @dev By default, every permission is unrestricted and it is the derived contract's responsibility to override it. Note, that the `ROOT_PERMISSION_ID` is included and not required to be set it again.
    function isPermissionRestrictedForAnyAddr(
        bytes32 _permissionId
    ) internal view virtual returns (bool) {
        (_permissionId); // silence the warning.
        return false;
    }

    /// @notice This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain (see [OpenZeppelin's guide about storage gaps](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps)).
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {UUPSUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol";
import {IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
import {ERC165Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol";

import {IDAO} from "../dao/IDAO.sol";
import {DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable} from "./dao-authorizable/DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable.sol";
import {IPlugin} from "./IPlugin.sol";

/// @title PluginUUPSUpgradeable
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An abstract, upgradeable contract to inherit from when creating a plugin being deployed via the UUPS pattern (see [ERC-1822](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822)).
abstract contract PluginUUPSUpgradeable is
    IPlugin,
    ERC165Upgradeable,
    UUPSUpgradeable,
    DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable
{
    // NOTE: When adding new state variables to the contract, the size of `_gap` has to be adapted below as well.

    /// @notice Disables the initializers on the implementation contract to prevent it from being left uninitialized.
    constructor() {
        _disableInitializers();
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPlugin
    function pluginType() public pure override returns (PluginType) {
        return PluginType.UUPS;
    }

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `_authorizeUpgrade` function.
    bytes32 public constant UPGRADE_PLUGIN_PERMISSION_ID = keccak256("UPGRADE_PLUGIN_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice Initializes the plugin by storing the associated DAO.
    /// @param _dao The DAO contract.
    function __PluginUUPSUpgradeable_init(IDAO _dao) internal virtual onlyInitializing {
        __DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable_init(_dao);
    }

    /// @notice Checks if an interface is supported by this or its parent contract.
    /// @param _interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the interface is supported.
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return
            _interfaceId == type(IPlugin).interfaceId ||
            _interfaceId == type(IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }

    /// @notice Returns the address of the implementation contract in the [proxy storage slot](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967) slot the [UUPS proxy](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822) is pointing to.
    /// @return The address of the implementation contract.
    function implementation() public view returns (address) {
        return _getImplementation();
    }

    /// @notice Internal method authorizing the upgrade of the contract via the [upgradeability mechanism for UUPS proxies](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/api/proxy#UUPSUpgradeable) (see [ERC-1822](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822)).
    /// @dev The caller must have the `UPGRADE_PLUGIN_PERMISSION_ID` permission.
    function _authorizeUpgrade(
        address
    ) internal virtual override auth(UPGRADE_PLUGIN_PERMISSION_ID) {}

    /// @notice This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain (see [OpenZeppelin's guide about storage gaps](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps)).
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @title IMembership
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An interface to be implemented by DAO plugins that define membership.
interface IMembership {
    /// @notice Emitted when members are added to the DAO plugin.
    /// @param members The list of new members being added.
    event MembersAdded(address[] members);

    /// @notice Emitted when members are removed from the DAO plugin.
    /// @param members The list of existing members being removed.
    event MembersRemoved(address[] members);

    /// @notice Emitted to announce the membership being defined by a contract.
    /// @param definingContract The contract defining the membership.
    event MembershipContractAnnounced(address indexed definingContract);

    /// @notice Checks if an account is a member of the DAO.
    /// @param _account The address of the account to be checked.
    /// @return Whether the account is a member or not.
    /// @dev This function must be implemented in the plugin contract that introduces the members to the DAO.
    function isMember(address _account) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {ERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";
import {ERC165Checker} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol";
import {Clones} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/proxy/Clones.sol";

import {PermissionLib} from "../../../core/permission/PermissionLib.sol";
import {createERC1967Proxy as createERC1967} from "../../../utils/Proxy.sol";
import {IPluginSetup} from "./IPluginSetup.sol";

/// @title PluginSetup
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An abstract contract that developers have to inherit from to write the setup of a plugin.
abstract contract PluginSetup is ERC165, IPluginSetup {
    /// @inheritdoc IPluginSetup
    function prepareUpdate(
        address _dao,
        uint16 _currentBuild,
        SetupPayload calldata _payload
    )
        external
        virtual
        override
        returns (bytes memory initData, PreparedSetupData memory preparedSetupData)
    {}

    /// @notice A convenience function to create an [ERC-1967](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967) proxy contract pointing to an implementation and being associated to a DAO.
    /// @param _implementation The address of the implementation contract to which the proxy is pointing to.
    /// @param _data The data to initialize the storage of the proxy contract.
    /// @return The address of the created proxy contract.
    function createERC1967Proxy(
        address _implementation,
        bytes memory _data
    ) internal returns (address) {
        return createERC1967(_implementation, _data);
    }

    /// @notice Checks if this or the parent contract supports an interface by its ID.
    /// @param _interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the interface is supported.
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return
            _interfaceId == type(IPluginSetup).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {ERC165} from "@openzeppelin/contracts/utils/introspection/ERC165.sol";

import {IPermissionCondition} from "./IPermissionCondition.sol";

/// @title PermissionCondition
/// @author Aragon Association - 2023
/// @notice An abstract contract for non-upgradeable contracts instantiated via the `new` keyword  to inherit from to support customary permissions depending on arbitrary on-chain state.
abstract contract PermissionCondition is ERC165, IPermissionCondition {
    /// @notice Checks if an interface is supported by this or its parent contract.
    /// @param _interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the interface is supported.
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return
            _interfaceId == type(IPermissionCondition).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {PermissionLib} from "../../../core/permission/PermissionLib.sol";
import {IDAO} from "../../../core/dao/IDAO.sol";

/// @title IPluginSetup
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice The interface required for a plugin setup contract to be consumed by the `PluginSetupProcessor` for plugin installations, updates, and uninstallations.
interface IPluginSetup {
    /// @notice The data associated with a prepared setup.
    /// @param helpers The address array of helpers (contracts or EOAs) associated with this plugin version after the installation or update.
    /// @param permissions The array of multi-targeted permission operations to be applied by the `PluginSetupProcessor` to the installing or updating DAO.
    struct PreparedSetupData {
        address[] helpers;
        PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[] permissions;
    }

    /// @notice The payload for plugin updates and uninstallations containing the existing contracts as well as optional data to be consumed by the plugin setup.
    /// @param plugin The address of the `Plugin`.
    /// @param currentHelpers The address array of all current helpers (contracts or EOAs) associated with the plugin to update from.
    /// @param data The bytes-encoded data containing the input parameters for the preparation of update/uninstall as specified in the corresponding ABI on the version's metadata.
    struct SetupPayload {
        address plugin;
        address[] currentHelpers;
        bytes data;
    }

    /// @notice Prepares the installation of a plugin.
    /// @param _dao The address of the installing DAO.
    /// @param _data The bytes-encoded data containing the input parameters for the installation as specified in the plugin's build metadata JSON file.
    /// @return plugin The address of the `Plugin` contract being prepared for installation.
    /// @return preparedSetupData The deployed plugin's relevant data which consists of helpers and permissions.
    function prepareInstallation(
        address _dao,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external returns (address plugin, PreparedSetupData memory preparedSetupData);

    /// @notice Prepares the update of a plugin.
    /// @param _dao The address of the updating DAO.
    /// @param _currentBuild The build number of the plugin to update from.
    /// @param _payload The relevant data necessary for the `prepareUpdate`. See above.
    /// @return initData The initialization data to be passed to upgradeable contracts when the update is applied in the `PluginSetupProcessor`.
    /// @return preparedSetupData The deployed plugin's relevant data which consists of helpers and permissions.
    function prepareUpdate(
        address _dao,
        uint16 _currentBuild,
        SetupPayload calldata _payload
    ) external returns (bytes memory initData, PreparedSetupData memory preparedSetupData);

    /// @notice Prepares the uninstallation of a plugin.
    /// @param _dao The address of the uninstalling DAO.
    /// @param _payload The relevant data necessary for the `prepareUninstallation`. See above.
    /// @return permissions The array of multi-targeted permission operations to be applied by the `PluginSetupProcessor` to the uninstalling DAO.
    function prepareUninstallation(
        address _dao,
        SetupPayload calldata _payload
    ) external returns (PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[] memory permissions);

    /// @notice Returns the plugin implementation address.
    /// @return The address of the plugin implementation contract.
    /// @dev The implementation can be instantiated via the `new` keyword, cloned via the minimal clones pattern (see [ERC-1167](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1167)), or proxied via the UUPS pattern (see [ERC-1822](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822)).
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

/// @title IPermissionCondition
/// @author Aragon Association - 2021-2023
/// @notice An interface to be implemented to support custom permission logic.
/// @dev To attach a condition to a permission, the `grantWithCondition` function must be used and refer to the implementing contract's address with the `condition` argument.
interface IPermissionCondition {
    /// @notice Checks if a call is permitted.
    /// @param _where The address of the target contract.
    /// @param _who The address (EOA or contract) for which the permissions are checked.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier.
    /// @param _data Optional data passed to the `PermissionCondition` implementation.
    /// @return isPermitted Returns true if the call is permitted.
    function isGranted(
        address _where,
        address _who,
        bytes32 _permissionId,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external view returns (bool isPermitted);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import {SafeCastUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/math/SafeCastUpgradeable.sol";

import {IDAO} from "../../../core/dao/IDAO.sol";
import {IMembership} from "../../../core/plugin/membership/IMembership.sol";
import {PluginUUPSUpgradeable} from "../../../core/plugin/PluginUUPSUpgradeable.sol";

import {ProposalUpgradeable} from "../../../core/plugin/proposal/ProposalUpgradeable.sol";
import {Addresslist} from "../../utils/Addresslist.sol";
import {IMultisig} from "./IMultisig.sol";

/// @title Multisig - Release 1, Build 2
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice The on-chain multisig governance plugin in which a proposal passes if X out of Y approvals are met.
contract Multisig is
    IMultisig,
    IMembership,
    PluginUUPSUpgradeable,
    ProposalUpgradeable,
    Addresslist
{
    using SafeCastUpgradeable for uint256;

    /// @notice A container for proposal-related information.
    /// @param executed Whether the proposal is executed or not.
    /// @param approvals The number of approvals casted.
    /// @param parameters The proposal-specific approve settings at the time of the proposal creation.
    /// @param approvers The approves casted by the approvers.
    /// @param actions The actions to be executed when the proposal passes.
    /// @param _allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing the proposal to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the proposal succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    struct Proposal {
        bool executed;
        uint16 approvals;
        ProposalParameters parameters;
        mapping(address => bool) approvers;
        IDAO.Action[] actions;
        uint256 allowFailureMap;
    }

    /// @notice A container for the proposal parameters.
    /// @param minApprovals The number of approvals required.
    /// @param snapshotBlock The number of the block prior to the proposal creation.
    /// @param startDate The timestamp when the proposal starts.
    /// @param endDate The timestamp when the proposal expires.
    struct ProposalParameters {
        uint16 minApprovals;
        uint64 snapshotBlock;
        uint64 startDate;
        uint64 endDate;
    }

    /// @notice A container for the plugin settings.
    /// @param onlyListed Whether only listed addresses can create a proposal or not.
    /// @param minApprovals The minimal number of approvals required for a proposal to pass.
    struct MultisigSettings {
        bool onlyListed;
        uint16 minApprovals;
    }

    /// @notice The [ERC-165](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165) interface ID of the contract.
    bytes4 internal constant MULTISIG_INTERFACE_ID =
        this.initialize.selector ^
            this.updateMultisigSettings.selector ^
            this.createProposal.selector ^
            this.getProposal.selector;

    /// @notice The ID of the permission required to call the `addAddresses` and `removeAddresses` functions.
    bytes32 public constant UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION_ID =
        keccak256("UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION");

    /// @notice A mapping between proposal IDs and proposal information.
    mapping(uint256 => Proposal) internal proposals;

    /// @notice The current plugin settings.
    MultisigSettings public multisigSettings;

    /// @notice Keeps track at which block number the multisig settings have been changed the last time.
    /// @dev This variable prevents a proposal from being created in the same block in which the multisig settings change.
    uint64 public lastMultisigSettingsChange;

    /// @notice Thrown when a sender is not allowed to create a proposal.
    /// @param sender The sender address.
    error ProposalCreationForbidden(address sender);

    /// @notice Thrown if an approver is not allowed to cast an approve. This can be because the proposal
    /// - is not open,
    /// - was executed, or
    /// - the approver is not on the address list
    /// @param proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @param sender The address of the sender.
    error ApprovalCastForbidden(uint256 proposalId, address sender);

    /// @notice Thrown if the proposal execution is forbidden.
    /// @param proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    error ProposalExecutionForbidden(uint256 proposalId);

    /// @notice Thrown if the minimal approvals value is out of bounds (less than 1 or greater than the number of members in the address list).
    /// @param limit The maximal value.
    /// @param actual The actual value.
    error MinApprovalsOutOfBounds(uint16 limit, uint16 actual);

    /// @notice Thrown if the address list length is out of bounds.
    /// @param limit The limit value.
    /// @param actual The actual value.
    error AddresslistLengthOutOfBounds(uint16 limit, uint256 actual);

    /// @notice Thrown if a date is out of bounds.
    /// @param limit The limit value.
    /// @param actual The actual value.
    error DateOutOfBounds(uint64 limit, uint64 actual);

    /// @notice Emitted when a proposal is approve by an approver.
    /// @param proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @param approver The approver casting the approve.
    event Approved(uint256 indexed proposalId, address indexed approver);

    /// @notice Emitted when the plugin settings are set.
    /// @param onlyListed Whether only listed addresses can create a proposal.
    /// @param minApprovals The minimum amount of approvals needed to pass a proposal.
    event MultisigSettingsUpdated(bool onlyListed, uint16 indexed minApprovals);

    /// @notice Initializes Release 1, Build 2.
    /// @dev This method is required to support [ERC-1822](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1822).
    /// @param _dao The IDAO interface of the associated DAO.
    /// @param _members The addresses of the initial members to be added.
    /// @param _multisigSettings The multisig settings.
    function initialize(
        IDAO _dao,
        address[] calldata _members,
        MultisigSettings calldata _multisigSettings
    ) external initializer {
        __PluginUUPSUpgradeable_init(_dao);

        if (_members.length > type(uint16).max) {
            revert AddresslistLengthOutOfBounds({limit: type(uint16).max, actual: _members.length});
        }

        _addAddresses(_members);
        emit MembersAdded({members: _members});

        _updateMultisigSettings(_multisigSettings);
    }

    /// @notice Checks if this or the parent contract supports an interface by its ID.
    /// @param _interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the interface is supported.
    function supportsInterface(
        bytes4 _interfaceId
    ) public view virtual override(PluginUUPSUpgradeable, ProposalUpgradeable) returns (bool) {
        return
            _interfaceId == MULTISIG_INTERFACE_ID ||
            _interfaceId == type(IMultisig).interfaceId ||
            _interfaceId == type(Addresslist).interfaceId ||
            _interfaceId == type(IMembership).interfaceId ||
            super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function addAddresses(
        address[] calldata _members
    ) external auth(UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION_ID) {
        uint256 newAddresslistLength = addresslistLength() + _members.length;

        // Check if the new address list length would be greater than `type(uint16).max`, the maximal number of approvals.
        if (newAddresslistLength > type(uint16).max) {
            revert AddresslistLengthOutOfBounds({
                limit: type(uint16).max,
                actual: newAddresslistLength
            });
        }

        _addAddresses(_members);

        emit MembersAdded({members: _members});
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function removeAddresses(
        address[] calldata _members
    ) external auth(UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION_ID) {
        uint16 newAddresslistLength = uint16(addresslistLength() - _members.length);

        // Check if the new address list length would become less than the current minimum number of approvals required.
        if (newAddresslistLength < multisigSettings.minApprovals) {
            revert MinApprovalsOutOfBounds({
                limit: newAddresslistLength,
                actual: multisigSettings.minApprovals
            });
        }

        _removeAddresses(_members);

        emit MembersRemoved({members: _members});
    }

    /// @notice Updates the plugin settings.
    /// @param _multisigSettings The new settings.
    function updateMultisigSettings(
        MultisigSettings calldata _multisigSettings
    ) external auth(UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION_ID) {
        _updateMultisigSettings(_multisigSettings);
    }

    /// @notice Creates a new multisig proposal.
    /// @param _metadata The metadata of the proposal.
    /// @param _actions The actions that will be executed after the proposal passes.
    /// @param _allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing the proposal to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the proposal succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    /// @param _approveProposal If `true`, the sender will approve the proposal.
    /// @param _tryExecution If `true`, execution is tried after the vote cast. The call does not revert if early execution is not possible.
    /// @param _startDate The start date of the proposal.
    /// @param _endDate The end date of the proposal.
    /// @return proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    function createProposal(
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        IDAO.Action[] calldata _actions,
        uint256 _allowFailureMap,
        bool _approveProposal,
        bool _tryExecution,
        uint64 _startDate,
        uint64 _endDate
    ) external returns (uint256 proposalId) {
        if (multisigSettings.onlyListed && !isListed(_msgSender())) {
            revert ProposalCreationForbidden(_msgSender());
        }

        uint64 snapshotBlock;
        unchecked {
            snapshotBlock = block.number.toUint64() - 1; // The snapshot block must be mined already to protect the transaction against backrunning transactions causing census changes.
        }

        // Revert if the settings have been changed in the same block as this proposal should be created in.
        // This prevents a malicious party from voting with previous addresses and the new settings.
        if (lastMultisigSettingsChange > snapshotBlock) {
            revert ProposalCreationForbidden(_msgSender());
        }

        if (_startDate == 0) {
            _startDate = block.timestamp.toUint64();
        } else if (_startDate < block.timestamp.toUint64()) {
            revert DateOutOfBounds({limit: block.timestamp.toUint64(), actual: _startDate});
        }

        if (_endDate < _startDate) {
            revert DateOutOfBounds({limit: _startDate, actual: _endDate});
        }

        proposalId = _createProposal({
            _creator: _msgSender(),
            _metadata: _metadata,
            _startDate: _startDate,
            _endDate: _endDate,
            _actions: _actions,
            _allowFailureMap: _allowFailureMap
        });

        // Create the proposal
        Proposal storage proposal_ = proposals[proposalId];

        proposal_.parameters.snapshotBlock = snapshotBlock;
        proposal_.parameters.startDate = _startDate;
        proposal_.parameters.endDate = _endDate;
        proposal_.parameters.minApprovals = multisigSettings.minApprovals;

        // Reduce costs
        if (_allowFailureMap != 0) {
            proposal_.allowFailureMap = _allowFailureMap;
        }

        for (uint256 i; i < _actions.length; ) {
            proposal_.actions.push(_actions[i]);
            unchecked {
                ++i;
            }
        }

        if (_approveProposal) {
            approve(proposalId, _tryExecution);
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function approve(uint256 _proposalId, bool _tryExecution) public {
        address approver = _msgSender();
        if (!_canApprove(_proposalId, approver)) {
            revert ApprovalCastForbidden(_proposalId, approver);
        }

        Proposal storage proposal_ = proposals[_proposalId];

        // As the list can never become more than type(uint16).max(due to addAddresses check)
        // It's safe to use unchecked as it would never overflow.
        unchecked {
            proposal_.approvals += 1;
        }

        proposal_.approvers[approver] = true;

        emit Approved({proposalId: _proposalId, approver: approver});

        if (_tryExecution && _canExecute(_proposalId)) {
            _execute(_proposalId);
        }
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function canApprove(uint256 _proposalId, address _account) external view returns (bool) {
        return _canApprove(_proposalId, _account);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function canExecute(uint256 _proposalId) external view returns (bool) {
        return _canExecute(_proposalId);
    }

    /// @notice Returns all information for a proposal vote by its ID.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @return executed Whether the proposal is executed or not.
    /// @return approvals The number of approvals casted.
    /// @return parameters The parameters of the proposal vote.
    /// @return actions The actions to be executed in the associated DAO after the proposal has passed.
    /// @param allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing the proposal to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the proposal succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    function getProposal(
        uint256 _proposalId
    )
        public
        view
        returns (
            bool executed,
            uint16 approvals,
            ProposalParameters memory parameters,
            IDAO.Action[] memory actions,
            uint256 allowFailureMap
        )
    {
        Proposal storage proposal_ = proposals[_proposalId];

        executed = proposal_.executed;
        approvals = proposal_.approvals;
        parameters = proposal_.parameters;
        actions = proposal_.actions;
        allowFailureMap = proposal_.allowFailureMap;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function hasApproved(uint256 _proposalId, address _account) public view returns (bool) {
        return proposals[_proposalId].approvers[_account];
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMultisig
    function execute(uint256 _proposalId) public {
        if (!_canExecute(_proposalId)) {
            revert ProposalExecutionForbidden(_proposalId);
        }

        _execute(_proposalId);
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IMembership
    function isMember(address _account) external view returns (bool) {
        return isListed(_account);
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to execute a vote. It assumes the queried proposal exists.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    function _execute(uint256 _proposalId) internal {
        Proposal storage proposal_ = proposals[_proposalId];

        proposal_.executed = true;

        _executeProposal(
            dao(),
            _proposalId,
            proposals[_proposalId].actions,
            proposals[_proposalId].allowFailureMap
        );
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to check if an account can approve. It assumes the queried proposal exists.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @param _account The account to check.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the given account can approve on a certain proposal and `false` otherwise.
    function _canApprove(uint256 _proposalId, address _account) internal view returns (bool) {
        Proposal storage proposal_ = proposals[_proposalId];

        if (!_isProposalOpen(proposal_)) {
            // The proposal was executed already
            return false;
        }

        if (!isListedAtBlock(_account, proposal_.parameters.snapshotBlock)) {
            // The approver has no voting power.
            return false;
        }

        if (proposal_.approvers[_account]) {
            // The approver has already approved
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to check if a proposal can be executed. It assumes the queried proposal exists.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the proposal can be executed and `false` otherwise.
    function _canExecute(uint256 _proposalId) internal view returns (bool) {
        Proposal storage proposal_ = proposals[_proposalId];

        // Verify that the proposal has not been executed or expired.
        if (!_isProposalOpen(proposal_)) {
            return false;
        }

        return proposal_.approvals >= proposal_.parameters.minApprovals;
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to check if a proposal vote is still open.
    /// @param proposal_ The proposal struct.
    /// @return True if the proposal vote is open, false otherwise.
    function _isProposalOpen(Proposal storage proposal_) internal view returns (bool) {
        uint64 currentTimestamp64 = block.timestamp.toUint64();
        return
            !proposal_.executed &&
            proposal_.parameters.startDate <= currentTimestamp64 &&
            proposal_.parameters.endDate >= currentTimestamp64;
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to update the plugin settings.
    /// @param _multisigSettings The new settings.
    function _updateMultisigSettings(MultisigSettings calldata _multisigSettings) internal {
        uint16 addresslistLength_ = uint16(addresslistLength());

        if (_multisigSettings.minApprovals > addresslistLength_) {
            revert MinApprovalsOutOfBounds({
                limit: addresslistLength_,
                actual: _multisigSettings.minApprovals
            });
        }

        if (_multisigSettings.minApprovals < 1) {
            revert MinApprovalsOutOfBounds({limit: 1, actual: _multisigSettings.minApprovals});
        }

        multisigSettings = _multisigSettings;
        lastMultisigSettingsChange = block.number.toUint64();

        emit MultisigSettingsUpdated({
            onlyListed: _multisigSettings.onlyListed,
            minApprovals: _multisigSettings.minApprovals
        });
    }

    /// @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
    /// variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
    /// https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
    uint256[47] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
 */
library StorageSlot {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import {IDAO} from "../../../core/dao/IDAO.sol";

/// @title IMultisig
/// @author Aragon Association - 2023
/// @notice An interface for an on-chain multisig governance plugin in which a proposal passes if X out of Y approvals are met.
interface IMultisig {
    /// @notice Adds new members to the address list. Previously, it checks if the new address list length would be greater than `type(uint16).max`, the maximal number of approvals.
    /// @param _members The addresses of the members to be added.
    function addAddresses(address[] calldata _members) external;

    /// @notice Removes existing members from the address list. Previously, it checks if the new address list length is at least as long as the minimum approvals parameter requires. Note that `minApprovals` is must be at least 1 so the address list cannot become empty.
    /// @param _members The addresses of the members to be removed.
    function removeAddresses(address[] calldata _members) external;

    /// @notice Approves and, optionally, executes the proposal.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @param _tryExecution If `true`, execution is tried after the approval cast. The call does not revert if execution is not possible.
    function approve(uint256 _proposalId, bool _tryExecution) external;

    /// @notice Checks if an account can participate on a proposal vote. This can be because the vote
    /// - was executed, or
    /// - the voter is not listed.
    /// @param _proposalId The proposal Id.
    /// @param _account The address of the user to check.
    /// @return Returns true if the account is allowed to vote.
    /// @dev The function assumes the queried proposal exists.
    function canApprove(uint256 _proposalId, address _account) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Checks if a proposal can be executed.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal to be checked.
    /// @return True if the proposal can be executed, false otherwise.
    function canExecute(uint256 _proposalId) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Returns whether the account has approved the proposal. Note, that this does not check if the account is listed.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    /// @param _account The account address to be checked.
    /// @return The vote option cast by a voter for a certain proposal.
    function hasApproved(uint256 _proposalId, address _account) external view returns (bool);

    /// @notice Executes a proposal.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal to be executed.
    function execute(uint256 _proposalId) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (interfaces/IERC1271.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC1271 standard signature validation method for
 * contracts as defined in https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1271[ERC-1271].
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
interface IERC1271 {
    /**
     * @dev Should return whether the signature provided is valid for the provided data
     * @param hash      Hash of the data to be signed
     * @param signature Signature byte array associated with _data
     */
    function isValidSignature(bytes32 hash, bytes memory signature) external view returns (bytes4 magicValue);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeacon {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {CountersUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/CountersUpgradeable.sol";
import {ERC165Upgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/introspection/ERC165Upgradeable.sol";

import "./IProposal.sol";

/// @title ProposalUpgradeable
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An abstract contract containing the traits and internal functionality to create and execute proposals that can be inherited by upgradeable DAO plugins.
abstract contract ProposalUpgradeable is IProposal, ERC165Upgradeable {
    using CountersUpgradeable for CountersUpgradeable.Counter;

    /// @notice The incremental ID for proposals and executions.
    CountersUpgradeable.Counter private proposalCounter;

    /// @inheritdoc IProposal
    function proposalCount() public view override returns (uint256) {
        return proposalCounter.current();
    }

    /// @notice Checks if this or the parent contract supports an interface by its ID.
    /// @param _interfaceId The ID of the interface.
    /// @return Returns `true` if the interface is supported.
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 _interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return _interfaceId == type(IProposal).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(_interfaceId);
    }

    /// @notice Creates a proposal ID.
    /// @return proposalId The proposal ID.
    function _createProposalId() internal returns (uint256 proposalId) {
        proposalId = proposalCount();
        proposalCounter.increment();
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to create a proposal.
    /// @param _metadata The proposal metadata.
    /// @param _startDate The start date of the proposal in seconds.
    /// @param _endDate The end date of the proposal in seconds.
    /// @param _allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing the proposal to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the proposal succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    /// @param _actions The actions that will be executed after the proposal passes.
    /// @return proposalId The ID of the proposal.
    function _createProposal(
        address _creator,
        bytes calldata _metadata,
        uint64 _startDate,
        uint64 _endDate,
        IDAO.Action[] calldata _actions,
        uint256 _allowFailureMap
    ) internal virtual returns (uint256 proposalId) {
        proposalId = _createProposalId();

        emit ProposalCreated({
            proposalId: proposalId,
            creator: _creator,
            metadata: _metadata,
            startDate: _startDate,
            endDate: _endDate,
            actions: _actions,
            allowFailureMap: _allowFailureMap
        });
    }

    /// @notice Internal function to execute a proposal.
    /// @param _proposalId The ID of the proposal to be executed.
    /// @param _actions The array of actions to be executed.
    /// @param _allowFailureMap A bitmap allowing the proposal to succeed, even if individual actions might revert. If the bit at index `i` is 1, the proposal succeeds even if the `i`th action reverts. A failure map value of 0 requires every action to not revert.
    /// @return execResults The array with the results of the executed actions.
    /// @return failureMap The failure map encoding which actions have failed.
    function _executeProposal(
        IDAO _dao,
        uint256 _proposalId,
        IDAO.Action[] memory _actions,
        uint256 _allowFailureMap
    ) internal virtual returns (bytes[] memory execResults, uint256 failureMap) {
        (execResults, failureMap) = _dao.execute(bytes32(_proposalId), _actions, _allowFailureMap);
        emit ProposalExecuted({proposalId: _proposalId});
    }

    /// @notice This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain (see [OpenZeppelin's guide about storage gaps](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps)).
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity 0.8.17;

import {IDAO} from "../../../core/dao/IDAO.sol";
import {DAO} from "../../../core/dao/DAO.sol";
import {PermissionLib} from "../../../core/permission/PermissionLib.sol";
import {PluginSetup, IPluginSetup} from "../../../framework/plugin/setup/PluginSetup.sol";
import {Multisig} from "./Multisig.sol";

/// @title MultisigSetup - Release 1, Build 2
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice The setup contract of the `Multisig` plugin.
contract MultisigSetup is PluginSetup {
    /// @notice The address of `Multisig` plugin logic contract to be used in creating proxy contracts.
    Multisig private immutable multisigBase;

    /// @notice The contract constructor, that deploys the `Multisig` plugin logic contract.
    constructor() {
        multisigBase = new Multisig();
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPluginSetup
    function prepareInstallation(
        address _dao,
        bytes calldata _data
    ) external returns (address plugin, PreparedSetupData memory preparedSetupData) {
        // Decode `_data` to extract the params needed for deploying and initializing `Multisig` plugin.
        (address[] memory members, Multisig.MultisigSettings memory multisigSettings) = abi.decode(
            _data,
            (address[], Multisig.MultisigSettings)
        );

        // Prepare and Deploy the plugin proxy.
        plugin = createERC1967Proxy(
            address(multisigBase),
            abi.encodeWithSelector(Multisig.initialize.selector, _dao, members, multisigSettings)
        );

        // Prepare permissions
        PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[]
            memory permissions = new PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[](3);

        // Set permissions to be granted.
        // Grant the list of permissions of the plugin to the DAO.
        permissions[0] = PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission(
            PermissionLib.Operation.Grant,
            plugin,
            _dao,
            PermissionLib.NO_CONDITION,
            multisigBase.UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION_ID()
        );

        permissions[1] = PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission(
            PermissionLib.Operation.Grant,
            plugin,
            _dao,
            PermissionLib.NO_CONDITION,
            multisigBase.UPGRADE_PLUGIN_PERMISSION_ID()
        );

        // Grant `EXECUTE_PERMISSION` of the DAO to the plugin.
        permissions[2] = PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission(
            PermissionLib.Operation.Grant,
            _dao,
            plugin,
            PermissionLib.NO_CONDITION,
            DAO(payable(_dao)).EXECUTE_PERMISSION_ID()
        );

        preparedSetupData.permissions = permissions;
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPluginSetup
    function prepareUpdate(
        address _dao,
        uint16 _currentBuild,
        SetupPayload calldata _payload
    )
        external
        pure
        override
        returns (bytes memory initData, PreparedSetupData memory preparedSetupData)
    {}

    /// @inheritdoc IPluginSetup
    function prepareUninstallation(
        address _dao,
        SetupPayload calldata _payload
    ) external view returns (PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[] memory permissions) {
        // Prepare permissions
        permissions = new PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission[](3);

        // Set permissions to be Revoked.
        permissions[0] = PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission(
            PermissionLib.Operation.Revoke,
            _payload.plugin,
            _dao,
            PermissionLib.NO_CONDITION,
            multisigBase.UPDATE_MULTISIG_SETTINGS_PERMISSION_ID()
        );

        permissions[1] = PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission(
            PermissionLib.Operation.Revoke,
            _payload.plugin,
            _dao,
            PermissionLib.NO_CONDITION,
            multisigBase.UPGRADE_PLUGIN_PERMISSION_ID()
        );

        permissions[2] = PermissionLib.MultiTargetPermission(
            PermissionLib.Operation.Revoke,
            _dao,
            _payload.plugin,
            PermissionLib.NO_CONDITION,
            DAO(payable(_dao)).EXECUTE_PERMISSION_ID()
        );
    }

    /// @inheritdoc IPluginSetup
    function implementation() external view returns (address) {
        return address(multisigBase);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822Proxiable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Proxy.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../Proxy.sol";
import "./ERC1967Upgrade.sol";

/**
 * @dev This contract implements an upgradeable proxy. It is upgradeable because calls are delegated to an
 * implementation address that can be changed. This address is stored in storage in the location specified by
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967], so that it doesn't conflict with the storage layout of the
 * implementation behind the proxy.
 */
contract ERC1967Proxy is Proxy, ERC1967Upgrade {
    /**
     * @dev Initializes the upgradeable proxy with an initial implementation specified by `_logic`.
     *
     * If `_data` is nonempty, it's used as data in a delegate call to `_logic`. This will typically be an encoded
     * function call, and allows initializing the storage of the proxy like a Solidity constructor.
     */
    constructor(address _logic, bytes memory _data) payable {
        _upgradeToAndCall(_logic, _data, false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _implementation() internal view virtual override returns (address impl) {
        return ERC1967Upgrade._getImplementation();
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165 is IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165).interfaceId;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165 {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeacon.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol";
import "../../utils/Address.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlot.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 *
 * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
 */
abstract contract ERC1967Upgrade {
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlot.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822Proxiable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(Address.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            Address.isContract(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
        address newBeacon,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            Address.functionDelegateCall(IBeacon(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/introspection/ERC165Checker.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165.sol";

/**
 * @dev Library used to query support of an interface declared via {IERC165}.
 *
 * Note that these functions return the actual result of the query: they do not
 * `revert` if an interface is not supported. It is up to the caller to decide
 * what to do in these cases.
 */
library ERC165Checker {
    // As per the EIP-165 spec, no interface should ever match 0xffffffff
    bytes4 private constant _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID = 0xffffffff;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the {IERC165} interface.
     */
    function supportsERC165(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // Any contract that implements ERC165 must explicitly indicate support of
        // InterfaceId_ERC165 and explicitly indicate non-support of InterfaceId_Invalid
        return
            supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, type(IERC165).interfaceId) &&
            !supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, _INTERFACE_ID_INVALID);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of both ERC165 as per the spec and support of _interfaceId
        return supportsERC165(account) && supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceId);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns a boolean array where each value corresponds to the
     * interfaces passed in and whether they're supported or not. This allows
     * you to batch check interfaces for a contract where your expectation
     * is that some interfaces may not be supported.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function getSupportedInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds)
        internal
        view
        returns (bool[] memory)
    {
        // an array of booleans corresponding to interfaceIds and whether they're supported or not
        bool[] memory interfaceIdsSupported = new bool[](interfaceIds.length);

        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (supportsERC165(account)) {
            // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
            for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
                interfaceIdsSupported[i] = supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceIds[i]);
            }
        }

        return interfaceIdsSupported;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` supports all the interfaces defined in
     * `interfaceIds`. Support for {IERC165} itself is queried automatically.
     *
     * Batch-querying can lead to gas savings by skipping repeated checks for
     * {IERC165} support.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsAllInterfaces(address account, bytes4[] memory interfaceIds) internal view returns (bool) {
        // query support of ERC165 itself
        if (!supportsERC165(account)) {
            return false;
        }

        // query support of each interface in interfaceIds
        for (uint256 i = 0; i < interfaceIds.length; i++) {
            if (!supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(account, interfaceIds[i])) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        // all interfaces supported
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Query if a contract implements an interface, does not check ERC165 support
     * @param account The address of the contract to query for support of an interface
     * @param interfaceId The interface identifier, as specified in ERC-165
     * @return true if the contract at account indicates support of the interface with
     * identifier interfaceId, false otherwise
     * @dev Assumes that account contains a contract that supports ERC165, otherwise
     * the behavior of this method is undefined. This precondition can be checked
     * with {supportsERC165}.
     * Interface identification is specified in ERC-165.
     */
    function supportsERC165InterfaceUnchecked(address account, bytes4 interfaceId) internal view returns (bool) {
        // prepare call
        bytes memory encodedParams = abi.encodeWithSelector(IERC165.supportsInterface.selector, interfaceId);

        // perform static call
        bool success;
        uint256 returnSize;
        uint256 returnValue;
        assembly {
            success := staticcall(30000, account, add(encodedParams, 0x20), mload(encodedParams), 0x00, 0x20)
            returnSize := returndatasize()
            returnValue := mload(0x00)
        }

        return success && returnSize >= 0x20 && returnValue > 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-or-later

pragma solidity ^0.8.8;

import {ContextUpgradeable} from "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/utils/ContextUpgradeable.sol";

import {IDAO} from "../../dao/IDAO.sol";
import {_auth} from "../../utils/auth.sol";

/// @title DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable
/// @author Aragon Association - 2022-2023
/// @notice An abstract contract providing a meta-transaction compatible modifier for upgradeable or cloneable contracts to authorize function calls through an associated DAO.
/// @dev Make sure to call `__DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable_init` during initialization of the inheriting contract.
abstract contract DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable is ContextUpgradeable {
    /// @notice The associated DAO managing the permissions of inheriting contracts.
    IDAO private dao_;

    /// @notice Initializes the contract by setting the associated DAO.
    /// @param _dao The associated DAO address.
    function __DaoAuthorizableUpgradeable_init(IDAO _dao) internal onlyInitializing {
        dao_ = _dao;
    }

    /// @notice Returns the DAO contract.
    /// @return The DAO contract.
    function dao() public view returns (IDAO) {
        return dao_;
    }

    /// @notice A modifier to make functions on inheriting contracts authorized. Permissions to call the function are checked through the associated DAO's permission manager.
    /// @param _permissionId The permission identifier required to call the method this modifier is applied to.
    modifier auth(bytes32 _permissionId) {
        _auth(dao_, address(this), _msgSender(), _permissionId, _msgData());
        _;
    }

    /// @notice This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain (see [OpenZeppelin's guide about storage gaps](https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps)).
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/Address.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.1;

/**
 * @dev Collection of functions related to the address type
 */
library AddressUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `account` is a contract.
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * It is unsafe to assume that an address for which this function returns
     * false is an externally-owned account (EOA) and not a contract.
     *
     * Among others, `isContract` will return false for the following
     * types of addresses:
     *
     *  - an externally-owned account
     *  - a contract in construction
     *  - an address where a contract will be created
     *  - an address where a contract lived, but was destroyed
     * ====
     *
     * [IMPORTANT]
     * ====
     * You shouldn't rely on `isContract` to protect against flash loan attacks!
     *
     * Preventing calls from contracts is highly discouraged. It breaks composability, breaks support for smart wallets
     * like Gnosis Safe, and does not provide security since it can be circumvented by calling from a contract
     * constructor.
     * ====
     */
    function isContract(address account) internal view returns (bool) {
        // This method relies on extcodesize/address.code.length, which returns 0
        // for contracts in construction, since the code is only stored at the end
        // of the constructor execution.

        return account.code.length > 0;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Replacement for Solidity's `transfer`: sends `amount` wei to
     * `recipient`, forwarding all available gas and reverting on errors.
     *
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1884[EIP1884] increases the gas cost
     * of certain opcodes, possibly making contracts go over the 2300 gas limit
     * imposed by `transfer`, making them unable to receive funds via
     * `transfer`. {sendValue} removes this limitation.
     *
     * https://diligence.consensys.net/posts/2019/09/stop-using-soliditys-transfer-now/[Learn more].
     *
     * IMPORTANT: because control is transferred to `recipient`, care must be
     * taken to not create reentrancy vulnerabilities. Consider using
     * {ReentrancyGuard} or the
     * https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/v0.5.11/security-considerations.html#use-the-checks-effects-interactions-pattern[checks-effects-interactions pattern].
     */
    function sendValue(address payable recipient, uint256 amount) internal {
        require(address(this).balance >= amount, "Address: insufficient balance");

        (bool success, ) = recipient.call{value: amount}("");
        require(success, "Address: unable to send value, recipient may have reverted");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Performs a Solidity function call using a low level `call`. A
     * plain `call` is an unsafe replacement for a function call: use this
     * function instead.
     *
     * If `target` reverts with a revert reason, it is bubbled up by this
     * function (like regular Solidity function calls).
     *
     * Returns the raw returned data. To convert to the expected return value,
     * use https://solidity.readthedocs.io/en/latest/units-and-global-variables.html?highlight=abi.decode#abi-encoding-and-decoding-functions[`abi.decode`].
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `target` must be a contract.
     * - calling `target` with `data` must not revert.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, "Address: low-level call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`], but with
     * `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, 0, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but also transferring `value` wei to `target`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - the calling contract must have an ETH balance of at least `value`.
     * - the called Solidity function must be `payable`.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionCallWithValue(target, data, value, "Address: low-level call with value failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCallWithValue-address-bytes-uint256-}[`functionCallWithValue`], but
     * with `errorMessage` as a fallback revert reason when `target` reverts.
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function functionCallWithValue(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        uint256 value,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal returns (bytes memory) {
        require(address(this).balance >= value, "Address: insufficient balance for call");
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.call{value: value}(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(address target, bytes memory data) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        return functionStaticCall(target, data, "Address: low-level static call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a static call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.3._
     */
    function functionStaticCall(
        address target,
        bytes memory data,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.staticcall(data);
        return verifyCallResultFromTarget(target, success, returndata, errorMessage);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call to smart-contract was successful, and revert (either by bubbling
     * the revert reason or using the provided one) in case of unsuccessful call or if target was not a contract.
     *
     * _Available since v4.8._
     */
    function verifyCallResultFromTarget(
        address target,
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal view returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            if (returndata.length == 0) {
                // only check isContract if the call was successful and the return data is empty
                // otherwise we already know that it was a contract
                require(isContract(target), "Address: call to non-contract");
            }
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Tool to verify that a low level call was successful, and revert if it wasn't, either by bubbling the
     * revert reason or using the provided one.
     *
     * _Available since v4.3._
     */
    function verifyCallResult(
        bool success,
        bytes memory returndata,
        string memory errorMessage
    ) internal pure returns (bytes memory) {
        if (success) {
            return returndata;
        } else {
            _revert(returndata, errorMessage);
        }
    }

    function _revert(bytes memory returndata, string memory errorMessage) private pure {
        // Look for revert reason and bubble it up if present
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // The easiest way to bubble the revert reason is using memory via assembly
            /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
            assembly {
                let returndata_size := mload(returndata)
                revert(add(32, returndata), returndata_size)
            }
        } else {
            revert(errorMessage);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Context.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
import "../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Provides information about the current execution context, including the
 * sender of the transaction and its data. While these are generally available
 * via msg.sender and msg.data, they should not be accessed in such a direct
 * manner, since when dealing with meta-transactions the account sending and
 * paying for execution may not be the actual sender (as far as an application
 * is concerned).
 *
 * This contract is only required for intermediate, library-like contracts.
 */
abstract contract ContextUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __Context_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __Context_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    function _msgSender() internal view virtual returns (address) {
        return msg.sender;
    }

    function _msgData() internal view virtual returns (bytes calldata) {
        return msg.data;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.1) (proxy/utils/Initializable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This is a base contract to aid in writing upgradeable contracts, or any kind of contract that will be deployed
 * behind a proxy. Since proxied contracts do not make use of a constructor, it's common to move constructor logic to an
 * external initializer function, usually called `initialize`. It then becomes necessary to protect this initializer
 * function so it can only be called once. The {initializer} modifier provided by this contract will have this effect.
 *
 * The initialization functions use a version number. Once a version number is used, it is consumed and cannot be
 * reused. This mechanism prevents re-execution of each "step" but allows the creation of new initialization steps in
 * case an upgrade adds a module that needs to be initialized.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * contract MyToken is ERC20Upgradeable {
 *     function initialize() initializer public {
 *         __ERC20_init("MyToken", "MTK");
 *     }
 * }
 * contract MyTokenV2 is MyToken, ERC20PermitUpgradeable {
 *     function initializeV2() reinitializer(2) public {
 *         __ERC20Permit_init("MyToken");
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * TIP: To avoid leaving the proxy in an uninitialized state, the initializer function should be called as early as
 * possible by providing the encoded function call as the `_data` argument to {ERC1967Proxy-constructor}.
 *
 * CAUTION: When used with inheritance, manual care must be taken to not invoke a parent initializer twice, or to ensure
 * that all initializers are idempotent. This is not verified automatically as constructors are by Solidity.
 *
 * [CAUTION]
 * ====
 * Avoid leaving a contract uninitialized.
 *
 * An uninitialized contract can be taken over by an attacker. This applies to both a proxy and its implementation
 * contract, which may impact the proxy. To prevent the implementation contract from being used, you should invoke
 * the {_disableInitializers} function in the constructor to automatically lock it when it is deployed:
 *
 * [.hljs-theme-light.nopadding]
 * ```
 * /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow constructor
 * constructor() {
 *     _disableInitializers();
 * }
 * ```
 * ====
 */
abstract contract Initializable {
    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract has been initialized.
     * @custom:oz-retyped-from bool
     */
    uint8 private _initialized;

    /**
     * @dev Indicates that the contract is in the process of being initialized.
     */
    bool private _initializing;

    /**
     * @dev Triggered when the contract has been initialized or reinitialized.
     */
    event Initialized(uint8 version);

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected initializer function that can be invoked at most once. In its scope,
     * `onlyInitializing` functions can be used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * Similar to `reinitializer(1)`, except that functions marked with `initializer` can be nested in the context of a
     * constructor.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier initializer() {
        bool isTopLevelCall = !_initializing;
        require(
            (isTopLevelCall && _initialized < 1) || (!AddressUpgradeable.isContract(address(this)) && _initialized == 1),
            "Initializable: contract is already initialized"
        );
        _initialized = 1;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = true;
        }
        _;
        if (isTopLevelCall) {
            _initializing = false;
            emit Initialized(1);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev A modifier that defines a protected reinitializer function that can be invoked at most once, and only if the
     * contract hasn't been initialized to a greater version before. In its scope, `onlyInitializing` functions can be
     * used to initialize parent contracts.
     *
     * A reinitializer may be used after the original initialization step. This is essential to configure modules that
     * are added through upgrades and that require initialization.
     *
     * When `version` is 1, this modifier is similar to `initializer`, except that functions marked with `reinitializer`
     * cannot be nested. If one is invoked in the context of another, execution will revert.
     *
     * Note that versions can jump in increments greater than 1; this implies that if multiple reinitializers coexist in
     * a contract, executing them in the right order is up to the developer or operator.
     *
     * WARNING: setting the version to 255 will prevent any future reinitialization.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event.
     */
    modifier reinitializer(uint8 version) {
        require(!_initializing && _initialized < version, "Initializable: contract is already initialized");
        _initialized = version;
        _initializing = true;
        _;
        _initializing = false;
        emit Initialized(version);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Modifier to protect an initialization function so that it can only be invoked by functions with the
     * {initializer} and {reinitializer} modifiers, directly or indirectly.
     */
    modifier onlyInitializing() {
        require(_initializing, "Initializable: contract is not initializing");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Locks the contract, preventing any future reinitialization. This cannot be part of an initializer call.
     * Calling this in the constructor of a contract will prevent that contract from being initialized or reinitialized
     * to any version. It is recommended to use this to lock implementation contracts that are designed to be called
     * through proxies.
     *
     * Emits an {Initialized} event the first time it is successfully executed.
     */
    function _disableInitializers() internal virtual {
        require(!_initializing, "Initializable: contract is initializing");
        if (_initialized < type(uint8).max) {
            _initialized = type(uint8).max;
            emit Initialized(type(uint8).max);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the highest version that has been initialized. See {reinitializer}.
     */
    function _getInitializedVersion() internal view returns (uint8) {
        return _initialized;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns `true` if the contract is currently initializing. See {onlyInitializing}.
     */
    function _isInitializing() internal view returns (bool) {
        return _initializing;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/Counters.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title Counters
 * @author Matt Condon (@shrugs)
 * @dev Provides counters that can only be incremented, decremented or reset. This can be used e.g. to track the number
 * of elements in a mapping, issuing ERC721 ids, or counting request ids.
 *
 * Include with `using Counters for Counters.Counter;`
 */
library CountersUpgradeable {
    struct Counter {
        // This variable should never be directly accessed by users of the library: interactions must be restricted to
        // the library's function. As of Solidity v0.5.2, this cannot be enforced, though there is a proposal to add
        // this feature: see https://github.com/ethereum/solidity/issues/4637
        uint256 _value; // default: 0
    }

    function current(Counter storage counter) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return counter._value;
    }

    function increment(Counter storage counter) internal {
        unchecked {
            counter._value += 1;
        }
    }

    function decrement(Counter storage counter) internal {
        uint256 value = counter._value;
        require(value > 0, "Counter: decrement overflow");
        unchecked {
            counter._value = value - 1;
        }
    }

    function reset(Counter storage counter) internal {
        counter._value = 0;
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/Math.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Standard math utilities missing in the Solidity language.
 */
library MathUpgradeable {
    enum Rounding {
        Down, // Toward negative infinity
        Up, // Toward infinity
        Zero // Toward zero
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the largest of two numbers.
     */
    function max(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a > b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the smallest of two numbers.
     */
    function min(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        return a < b ? a : b;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the average of two numbers. The result is rounded towards
     * zero.
     */
    function average(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b) / 2 can overflow.
        return (a & b) + (a ^ b) / 2;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the ceiling of the division of two numbers.
     *
     * This differs from standard division with `/` in that it rounds up instead
     * of rounding down.
     */
    function ceilDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        // (a + b - 1) / b can overflow on addition, so we distribute.
        return a == 0 ? 0 : (a - 1) / b + 1;
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates floor(x * y / denominator) with full precision. Throws if result overflows a uint256 or denominator == 0
     * @dev Original credit to Remco Bloemen under MIT license (https://xn--2-umb.com/21/muldiv)
     * with further edits by Uniswap Labs also under MIT license.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator
    ) internal pure returns (uint256 result) {
        unchecked {
            // 512-bit multiply [prod1 prod0] = x * y. Compute the product mod 2^256 and mod 2^256 - 1, then use
            // use the Chinese Remainder Theorem to reconstruct the 512 bit result. The result is stored in two 256
            // variables such that product = prod1 * 2^256 + prod0.
            uint256 prod0; // Least significant 256 bits of the product
            uint256 prod1; // Most significant 256 bits of the product
            assembly {
                let mm := mulmod(x, y, not(0))
                prod0 := mul(x, y)
                prod1 := sub(sub(mm, prod0), lt(mm, prod0))
            }

            // Handle non-overflow cases, 256 by 256 division.
            if (prod1 == 0) {
                return prod0 / denominator;
            }

            // Make sure the result is less than 2^256. Also prevents denominator == 0.
            require(denominator > prod1);

            ///////////////////////////////////////////////
            // 512 by 256 division.
            ///////////////////////////////////////////////

            // Make division exact by subtracting the remainder from [prod1 prod0].
            uint256 remainder;
            assembly {
                // Compute remainder using mulmod.
                remainder := mulmod(x, y, denominator)

                // Subtract 256 bit number from 512 bit number.
                prod1 := sub(prod1, gt(remainder, prod0))
                prod0 := sub(prod0, remainder)
            }

            // Factor powers of two out of denominator and compute largest power of two divisor of denominator. Always >= 1.
            // See https://cs.stackexchange.com/q/138556/92363.

            // Does not overflow because the denominator cannot be zero at this stage in the function.
            uint256 twos = denominator & (~denominator + 1);
            assembly {
                // Divide denominator by twos.
                denominator := div(denominator, twos)

                // Divide [prod1 prod0] by twos.
                prod0 := div(prod0, twos)

                // Flip twos such that it is 2^256 / twos. If twos is zero, then it becomes one.
                twos := add(div(sub(0, twos), twos), 1)
            }

            // Shift in bits from prod1 into prod0.
            prod0 |= prod1 * twos;

            // Invert denominator mod 2^256. Now that denominator is an odd number, it has an inverse modulo 2^256 such
            // that denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^256. Compute the inverse by starting with a seed that is correct for
            // four bits. That is, denominator * inv = 1 mod 2^4.
            uint256 inverse = (3 * denominator) ^ 2;

            // Use the Newton-Raphson iteration to improve the precision. Thanks to Hensel's lifting lemma, this also works
            // in modular arithmetic, doubling the correct bits in each step.
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^8
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^16
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^32
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^64
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^128
            inverse *= 2 - denominator * inverse; // inverse mod 2^256

            // Because the division is now exact we can divide by multiplying with the modular inverse of denominator.
            // This will give us the correct result modulo 2^256. Since the preconditions guarantee that the outcome is
            // less than 2^256, this is the final result. We don't need to compute the high bits of the result and prod1
            // is no longer required.
            result = prod0 * inverse;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates x * y / denominator with full precision, following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function mulDiv(
        uint256 x,
        uint256 y,
        uint256 denominator,
        Rounding rounding
    ) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = mulDiv(x, y, denominator);
        if (rounding == Rounding.Up && mulmod(x, y, denominator) > 0) {
            result += 1;
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the square root of a number. If the number is not a perfect square, the value is rounded down.
     *
     * Inspired by Henry S. Warren, Jr.'s "Hacker's Delight" (Chapter 11).
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        if (a == 0) {
            return 0;
        }

        // For our first guess, we get the biggest power of 2 which is smaller than the square root of the target.
        //
        // We know that the "msb" (most significant bit) of our target number `a` is a power of 2 such that we have
        // `msb(a) <= a < 2*msb(a)`. This value can be written `msb(a)=2**k` with `k=log2(a)`.
        //
        // This can be rewritten `2**log2(a) <= a < 2**(log2(a) + 1)`
        // → `sqrt(2**k) <= sqrt(a) < sqrt(2**(k+1))`
        // → `2**(k/2) <= sqrt(a) < 2**((k+1)/2) <= 2**(k/2 + 1)`
        //
        // Consequently, `2**(log2(a) / 2)` is a good first approximation of `sqrt(a)` with at least 1 correct bit.
        uint256 result = 1 << (log2(a) >> 1);

        // At this point `result` is an estimation with one bit of precision. We know the true value is a uint128,
        // since it is the square root of a uint256. Newton's method converges quadratically (precision doubles at
        // every iteration). We thus need at most 7 iteration to turn our partial result with one bit of precision
        // into the expected uint128 result.
        unchecked {
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            result = (result + a / result) >> 1;
            return min(result, a / result);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @notice Calculates sqrt(a), following the selected rounding direction.
     */
    function sqrt(uint256 a, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = sqrt(a);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && result * result < a ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 128;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                value >>= 8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 4 > 0) {
                value >>= 4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 2 > 0) {
                value >>= 2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 1 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 2, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log2(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log2(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >= 10**64) {
                value /= 10**64;
                result += 64;
            }
            if (value >= 10**32) {
                value /= 10**32;
                result += 32;
            }
            if (value >= 10**16) {
                value /= 10**16;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >= 10**8) {
                value /= 10**8;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >= 10**4) {
                value /= 10**4;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >= 10**2) {
                value /= 10**2;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >= 10**1) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log10(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log10(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 10**result < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 256, rounded down, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     *
     * Adding one to the result gives the number of pairs of hex symbols needed to represent `value` as a hex string.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        uint256 result = 0;
        unchecked {
            if (value >> 128 > 0) {
                value >>= 128;
                result += 16;
            }
            if (value >> 64 > 0) {
                value >>= 64;
                result += 8;
            }
            if (value >> 32 > 0) {
                value >>= 32;
                result += 4;
            }
            if (value >> 16 > 0) {
                value >>= 16;
                result += 2;
            }
            if (value >> 8 > 0) {
                result += 1;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the log in base 10, following the selected rounding direction, of a positive value.
     * Returns 0 if given 0.
     */
    function log256(uint256 value, Rounding rounding) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        unchecked {
            uint256 result = log256(value);
            return result + (rounding == Rounding.Up && 1 << (result * 8) < value ? 1 : 0);
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (proxy/utils/UUPSUpgradeable.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
import "../ERC1967/ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable.sol";
import "./Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev An upgradeability mechanism designed for UUPS proxies. The functions included here can perform an upgrade of an
 * {ERC1967Proxy}, when this contract is set as the implementation behind such a proxy.
 *
 * A security mechanism ensures that an upgrade does not turn off upgradeability accidentally, although this risk is
 * reinstated if the upgrade retains upgradeability but removes the security mechanism, e.g. by replacing
 * `UUPSUpgradeable` with a custom implementation of upgrades.
 *
 * The {_authorizeUpgrade} function must be overridden to include access restriction to the upgrade mechanism.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 */
abstract contract UUPSUpgradeable is Initializable, IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable, ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable {
    function __UUPSUpgradeable_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __UUPSUpgradeable_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /// @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow state-variable-immutable state-variable-assignment
    address private immutable __self = address(this);

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is being performed through a delegatecall call and that the execution context is
     * a proxy contract with an implementation (as defined in ERC1967) pointing to self. This should only be the case
     * for UUPS and transparent proxies that are using the current contract as their implementation. Execution of a
     * function through ERC1167 minimal proxies (clones) would not normally pass this test, but is not guaranteed to
     * fail.
     */
    modifier onlyProxy() {
        require(address(this) != __self, "Function must be called through delegatecall");
        require(_getImplementation() == __self, "Function must be called through active proxy");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Check that the execution is not being performed through a delegate call. This allows a function to be
     * callable on the implementing contract but not through proxies.
     */
    modifier notDelegated() {
        require(address(this) == __self, "UUPSUpgradeable: must not be called through delegatecall");
        _;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Implementation of the ERC1822 {proxiableUUID} function. This returns the storage slot used by the
     * implementation. It is used to validate the implementation's compatibility when performing an upgrade.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy. This is guaranteed by the `notDelegated` modifier.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view virtual override notDelegated returns (bytes32) {
        return _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeTo(address newImplementation) external virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, new bytes(0), false);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Upgrade the implementation of the proxy to `newImplementation`, and subsequently execute the function call
     * encoded in `data`.
     *
     * Calls {_authorizeUpgrade}.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function upgradeToAndCall(address newImplementation, bytes memory data) external payable virtual onlyProxy {
        _authorizeUpgrade(newImplementation);
        _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(newImplementation, data, true);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Function that should revert when `msg.sender` is not authorized to upgrade the contract. Called by
     * {upgradeTo} and {upgradeToAndCall}.
     *
     * Normally, this function will use an xref:access.adoc[access control] modifier such as {Ownable-onlyOwner}.
     *
     * ```solidity
     * function _authorizeUpgrade(address) internal override onlyOwner {}
     * ```
     */
    function _authorizeUpgrade(address newImplementation) internal virtual;

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.1) (utils/Checkpoints.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/Checkpoints.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./math/MathUpgradeable.sol";
import "./math/SafeCastUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This library defines the `History` struct, for checkpointing values as they change at different points in
 * time, and later looking up past values by block number. See {Votes} as an example.
 *
 * To create a history of checkpoints define a variable type `Checkpoints.History` in your contract, and store a new
 * checkpoint for the current transaction block using the {push} function.
 *
 * _Available since v4.5._
 */
library CheckpointsUpgradeable {
    struct History {
        Checkpoint[] _checkpoints;
    }

    struct Checkpoint {
        uint32 _blockNumber;
        uint224 _value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value at a given block number. If a checkpoint is not available at that block, the closest one
     * before it is returned, or zero otherwise. Because the number returned corresponds to that at the end of the
     * block, the requested block number must be in the past, excluding the current block.
     */
    function getAtBlock(History storage self, uint256 blockNumber) internal view returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "Checkpoints: block not yet mined");
        uint32 key = SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint32(blockNumber);

        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value at a given block number. If a checkpoint is not available at that block, the closest one
     * before it is returned, or zero otherwise. Similar to {upperLookup} but optimized for the case when the searched
     * checkpoint is probably "recent", defined as being among the last sqrt(N) checkpoints where N is the number of
     * checkpoints.
     */
    function getAtProbablyRecentBlock(History storage self, uint256 blockNumber) internal view returns (uint256) {
        require(blockNumber < block.number, "Checkpoints: block not yet mined");
        uint32 key = SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint32(blockNumber);

        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;

        uint256 low = 0;
        uint256 high = len;

        if (len > 5) {
            uint256 mid = len - MathUpgradeable.sqrt(len);
            if (key < _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, mid)._blockNumber) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }

        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, low, high);

        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a value onto a History so that it is stored as the checkpoint for the current block.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(History storage self, uint256 value) internal returns (uint256, uint256) {
        return _insert(self._checkpoints, SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint32(block.number), SafeCastUpgradeable.toUint224(value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a value onto a History, by updating the latest value using binary operation `op`. The new value will
     * be set to `op(latest, delta)`.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(
        History storage self,
        function(uint256, uint256) view returns (uint256) op,
        uint256 delta
    ) internal returns (uint256, uint256) {
        return push(self, op(latest(self), delta));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint, or zero if there are no checkpoints.
     */
    function latest(History storage self) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether there is a checkpoint in the structure (i.e. it is not empty), and if so the key and value
     * in the most recent checkpoint.
     */
    function latestCheckpoint(History storage self)
        internal
        view
        returns (
            bool exists,
            uint32 _blockNumber,
            uint224 _value
        )
    {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        if (pos == 0) {
            return (false, 0, 0);
        } else {
            Checkpoint memory ckpt = _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1);
            return (true, ckpt._blockNumber, ckpt._value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of checkpoint.
     */
    function length(History storage self) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return self._checkpoints.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into an ordered list of checkpoints, either by inserting a new checkpoint,
     * or by updating the last one.
     */
    function _insert(
        Checkpoint[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint224 value
    ) private returns (uint224, uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self.length;

        if (pos > 0) {
            // Copying to memory is important here.
            Checkpoint memory last = _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1);

            // Checkpoints keys must be increasing.
            require(last._blockNumber <= key, "Checkpoint: invalid key");

            // Update or push new checkpoint
            if (last._blockNumber == key) {
                _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1)._value = value;
            } else {
                self.push(Checkpoint({_blockNumber: key, _value: value}));
            }
            return (last._value, value);
        } else {
            self.push(Checkpoint({_blockNumber: key, _value: value}));
            return (0, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the oldest checkpoint whose key is greater than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _upperBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._blockNumber > key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the oldest checkpoint whose key is greater or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _lowerBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._blockNumber < key) {
                low = mid + 1;
            } else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Access an element of the array without performing bounds check. The position is assumed to be within bounds.
     */
    function _unsafeAccess(Checkpoint[] storage self, uint256 pos) private pure returns (Checkpoint storage result) {
        assembly {
            mstore(0, self.slot)
            result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
        }
    }

    struct Trace224 {
        Checkpoint224[] _checkpoints;
    }

    struct Checkpoint224 {
        uint32 _key;
        uint224 _value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into a Trace224 so that it is stored as the checkpoint.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(
        Trace224 storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint224 value
    ) internal returns (uint224, uint224) {
        return _insert(self._checkpoints, key, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the oldest checkpoint with key greater or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     */
    function lowerLookup(Trace224 storage self, uint32 key) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _lowerBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == len ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key.
     */
    function upperLookup(Trace224 storage self, uint32 key) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint, or zero if there are no checkpoints.
     */
    function latest(Trace224 storage self) internal view returns (uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether there is a checkpoint in the structure (i.e. it is not empty), and if so the key and value
     * in the most recent checkpoint.
     */
    function latestCheckpoint(Trace224 storage self)
        internal
        view
        returns (
            bool exists,
            uint32 _key,
            uint224 _value
        )
    {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        if (pos == 0) {
            return (false, 0, 0);
        } else {
            Checkpoint224 memory ckpt = _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1);
            return (true, ckpt._key, ckpt._value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of checkpoint.
     */
    function length(Trace224 storage self) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return self._checkpoints.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into an ordered list of checkpoints, either by inserting a new checkpoint,
     * or by updating the last one.
     */
    function _insert(
        Checkpoint224[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint224 value
    ) private returns (uint224, uint224) {
        uint256 pos = self.length;

        if (pos > 0) {
            // Copying to memory is important here.
            Checkpoint224 memory last = _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1);

            // Checkpoints keys must be increasing.
            require(last._key <= key, "Checkpoint: invalid key");

            // Update or push new checkpoint
            if (last._key == key) {
                _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1)._value = value;
            } else {
                self.push(Checkpoint224({_key: key, _value: value}));
            }
            return (last._value, value);
        } else {
            self.push(Checkpoint224({_key: key, _value: value}));
            return (0, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the oldest checkpoint whose key is greater than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _upperBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint224[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key > key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the oldest checkpoint whose key is greater or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _lowerBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint224[] storage self,
        uint32 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key < key) {
                low = mid + 1;
            } else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Access an element of the array without performing bounds check. The position is assumed to be within bounds.
     */
    function _unsafeAccess(Checkpoint224[] storage self, uint256 pos)
        private
        pure
        returns (Checkpoint224 storage result)
    {
        assembly {
            mstore(0, self.slot)
            result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
        }
    }

    struct Trace160 {
        Checkpoint160[] _checkpoints;
    }

    struct Checkpoint160 {
        uint96 _key;
        uint160 _value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into a Trace160 so that it is stored as the checkpoint.
     *
     * Returns previous value and new value.
     */
    function push(
        Trace160 storage self,
        uint96 key,
        uint160 value
    ) internal returns (uint160, uint160) {
        return _insert(self._checkpoints, key, value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the oldest checkpoint with key greater or equal than the search key, or zero if there is none.
     */
    function lowerLookup(Trace160 storage self, uint96 key) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _lowerBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == len ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint with key lower or equal than the search key.
     */
    function upperLookup(Trace160 storage self, uint96 key) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 len = self._checkpoints.length;
        uint256 pos = _upperBinaryLookup(self._checkpoints, key, 0, len);
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the value in the most recent checkpoint, or zero if there are no checkpoints.
     */
    function latest(Trace160 storage self) internal view returns (uint160) {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        return pos == 0 ? 0 : _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1)._value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns whether there is a checkpoint in the structure (i.e. it is not empty), and if so the key and value
     * in the most recent checkpoint.
     */
    function latestCheckpoint(Trace160 storage self)
        internal
        view
        returns (
            bool exists,
            uint96 _key,
            uint160 _value
        )
    {
        uint256 pos = self._checkpoints.length;
        if (pos == 0) {
            return (false, 0, 0);
        } else {
            Checkpoint160 memory ckpt = _unsafeAccess(self._checkpoints, pos - 1);
            return (true, ckpt._key, ckpt._value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the number of checkpoint.
     */
    function length(Trace160 storage self) internal view returns (uint256) {
        return self._checkpoints.length;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Pushes a (`key`, `value`) pair into an ordered list of checkpoints, either by inserting a new checkpoint,
     * or by updating the last one.
     */
    function _insert(
        Checkpoint160[] storage self,
        uint96 key,
        uint160 value
    ) private returns (uint160, uint160) {
        uint256 pos = self.length;

        if (pos > 0) {
            // Copying to memory is important here.
            Checkpoint160 memory last = _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1);

            // Checkpoints keys must be increasing.
            require(last._key <= key, "Checkpoint: invalid key");

            // Update or push new checkpoint
            if (last._key == key) {
                _unsafeAccess(self, pos - 1)._value = value;
            } else {
                self.push(Checkpoint160({_key: key, _value: value}));
            }
            return (last._value, value);
        } else {
            self.push(Checkpoint160({_key: key, _value: value}));
            return (0, value);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the oldest checkpoint whose key is greater than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _upperBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint160[] storage self,
        uint96 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key > key) {
                high = mid;
            } else {
                low = mid + 1;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Return the index of the oldest checkpoint whose key is greater or equal than the search key, or `high` if there is none.
     * `low` and `high` define a section where to do the search, with inclusive `low` and exclusive `high`.
     *
     * WARNING: `high` should not be greater than the array's length.
     */
    function _lowerBinaryLookup(
        Checkpoint160[] storage self,
        uint96 key,
        uint256 low,
        uint256 high
    ) private view returns (uint256) {
        while (low < high) {
            uint256 mid = MathUpgradeable.average(low, high);
            if (_unsafeAccess(self, mid)._key < key) {
                low = mid + 1;
            } else {
                high = mid;
            }
        }
        return high;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Access an element of the array without performing bounds check. The position is assumed to be within bounds.
     */
    function _unsafeAccess(Checkpoint160[] storage self, uint256 pos)
        private
        pure
        returns (Checkpoint160 storage result)
    {
        assembly {
            mstore(0, self.slot)
            result.slot := add(keccak256(0, 0x20), pos)
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (utils/StorageSlot.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Library for reading and writing primitive types to specific storage slots.
 *
 * Storage slots are often used to avoid storage conflict when dealing with upgradeable contracts.
 * This library helps with reading and writing to such slots without the need for inline assembly.
 *
 * The functions in this library return Slot structs that contain a `value` member that can be used to read or write.
 *
 * Example usage to set ERC1967 implementation slot:
 * ```
 * contract ERC1967 {
 *     bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;
 *
 *     function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
 *         return StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
 *     }
 *
 *     function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) internal {
 *         require(Address.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
 *         StorageSlot.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
 *     }
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * _Available since v4.1 for `address`, `bool`, `bytes32`, and `uint256`._
 */
library StorageSlotUpgradeable {
    struct AddressSlot {
        address value;
    }

    struct BooleanSlot {
        bool value;
    }

    struct Bytes32Slot {
        bytes32 value;
    }

    struct Uint256Slot {
        uint256 value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `AddressSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getAddressSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (AddressSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `BooleanSlot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBooleanSlot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (BooleanSlot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Bytes32Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getBytes32Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Bytes32Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns an `Uint256Slot` with member `value` located at `slot`.
     */
    function getUint256Slot(bytes32 slot) internal pure returns (Uint256Slot storage r) {
        /// @solidity memory-safe-assembly
        assembly {
            r.slot := slot
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC20/IERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 standard as defined in the EIP.
 */
interface IERC20Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens are moved from one account (`from`) to
     * another (`to`).
     *
     * Note that `value` may be zero.
     */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the allowance of a `spender` for an `owner` is set by
     * a call to {approve}. `value` is the new allowance.
     */
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens in existence.
     */
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens owned by `account`.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from the caller's account to `to`.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the remaining number of tokens that `spender` will be
     * allowed to spend on behalf of `owner` through {transferFrom}. This is
     * zero by default.
     *
     * This value changes when {approve} or {transferFrom} are called.
     */
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Sets `amount` as the allowance of `spender` over the caller's tokens.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: Beware that changing an allowance with this method brings the risk
     * that someone may use both the old and the new allowance by unfortunate
     * transaction ordering. One possible solution to mitigate this race
     * condition is to first reduce the spender's allowance to 0 and set the
     * desired value afterwards:
     * https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/20#issuecomment-263524729
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     */
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Moves `amount` tokens from `from` to `to` using the
     * allowance mechanism. `amount` is then deducted from the caller's
     * allowance.
     *
     * Returns a boolean value indicating whether the operation succeeded.
     *
     * Emits a {Transfer} event.
     */
    function transferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 amount
    ) external returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (utils/math/SafeCast.sol)
// This file was procedurally generated from scripts/generate/templates/SafeCast.js.

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Wrappers over Solidity's uintXX/intXX casting operators with added overflow
 * checks.
 *
 * Downcasting from uint256/int256 in Solidity does not revert on overflow. This can
 * easily result in undesired exploitation or bugs, since developers usually
 * assume that overflows raise errors. `SafeCast` restores this intuition by
 * reverting the transaction when such an operation overflows.
 *
 * Using this library instead of the unchecked operations eliminates an entire
 * class of bugs, so it's recommended to use it always.
 *
 * Can be combined with {SafeMath} and {SignedSafeMath} to extend it to smaller types, by performing
 * all math on `uint256` and `int256` and then downcasting.
 */
library SafeCastUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint248 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint248(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint248) {
        require(value <= type(uint248).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
        return uint248(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint240 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint240(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint240) {
        require(value <= type(uint240).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
        return uint240(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint232 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint232(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint232) {
        require(value <= type(uint232).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
        return uint232(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint224 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint224(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint224) {
        require(value <= type(uint224).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
        return uint224(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint216 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint216(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint216) {
        require(value <= type(uint216).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
        return uint216(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint208 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint208(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint208) {
        require(value <= type(uint208).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
        return uint208(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint200 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint200(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint200) {
        require(value <= type(uint200).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
        return uint200(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint192 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint192(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint192) {
        require(value <= type(uint192).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
        return uint192(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint184 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint184(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint184) {
        require(value <= type(uint184).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
        return uint184(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint176 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint176(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint176) {
        require(value <= type(uint176).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
        return uint176(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint168 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint168(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint168) {
        require(value <= type(uint168).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
        return uint168(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint160 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint160(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint160) {
        require(value <= type(uint160).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
        return uint160(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint152 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint152(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint152) {
        require(value <= type(uint152).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
        return uint152(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint144 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint144(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint144) {
        require(value <= type(uint144).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
        return uint144(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint136 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint136(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint136) {
        require(value <= type(uint136).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
        return uint136(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint128 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint128(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint128) {
        require(value <= type(uint128).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
        return uint128(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint120 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint120(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint120) {
        require(value <= type(uint120).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
        return uint120(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint112 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint112(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint112) {
        require(value <= type(uint112).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
        return uint112(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint104 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint104(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint104) {
        require(value <= type(uint104).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
        return uint104(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint96 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.2._
     */
    function toUint96(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint96) {
        require(value <= type(uint96).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
        return uint96(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint88 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint88(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint88) {
        require(value <= type(uint88).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
        return uint88(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint80 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint80(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint80) {
        require(value <= type(uint80).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
        return uint80(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint72 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint72(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint72) {
        require(value <= type(uint72).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
        return uint72(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint64 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint64(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint64) {
        require(value <= type(uint64).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
        return uint64(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint56 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint56(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint56) {
        require(value <= type(uint56).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
        return uint56(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint48 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint48(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint48) {
        require(value <= type(uint48).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
        return uint48(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint40 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint40(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint40) {
        require(value <= type(uint40).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
        return uint40(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint32 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint32(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint32) {
        require(value <= type(uint32).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
        return uint32(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint24 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toUint24(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint24) {
        require(value <= type(uint24).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
        return uint24(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint16 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint16(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint16) {
        require(value <= type(uint16).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
        return uint16(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted uint8 from uint256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is greater than largest uint8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `uint8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v2.5._
     */
    function toUint8(uint256 value) internal pure returns (uint8) {
        require(value <= type(uint8).max, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
        return uint8(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts a signed int256 into an unsigned uint256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be greater than or equal to 0.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toUint256(int256 value) internal pure returns (uint256) {
        require(value >= 0, "SafeCast: value must be positive");
        return uint256(value);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int248 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int248 or
     * greater than largest int248).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int248` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 248 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt248(int256 value) internal pure returns (int248 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int248(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 248 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int240 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int240 or
     * greater than largest int240).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int240` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 240 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt240(int256 value) internal pure returns (int240 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int240(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 240 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int232 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int232 or
     * greater than largest int232).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int232` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 232 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt232(int256 value) internal pure returns (int232 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int232(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 232 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int224 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int224 or
     * greater than largest int224).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int224` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 224 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt224(int256 value) internal pure returns (int224 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int224(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 224 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int216 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int216 or
     * greater than largest int216).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int216` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 216 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt216(int256 value) internal pure returns (int216 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int216(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 216 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int208 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int208 or
     * greater than largest int208).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int208` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 208 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt208(int256 value) internal pure returns (int208 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int208(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 208 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int200 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int200 or
     * greater than largest int200).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int200` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 200 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt200(int256 value) internal pure returns (int200 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int200(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 200 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int192 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int192 or
     * greater than largest int192).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int192` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 192 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt192(int256 value) internal pure returns (int192 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int192(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 192 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int184 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int184 or
     * greater than largest int184).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int184` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 184 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt184(int256 value) internal pure returns (int184 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int184(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 184 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int176 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int176 or
     * greater than largest int176).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int176` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 176 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt176(int256 value) internal pure returns (int176 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int176(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 176 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int168 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int168 or
     * greater than largest int168).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int168` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 168 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt168(int256 value) internal pure returns (int168 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int168(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 168 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int160 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int160 or
     * greater than largest int160).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int160` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 160 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt160(int256 value) internal pure returns (int160 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int160(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 160 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int152 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int152 or
     * greater than largest int152).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int152` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 152 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt152(int256 value) internal pure returns (int152 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int152(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 152 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int144 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int144 or
     * greater than largest int144).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int144` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 144 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt144(int256 value) internal pure returns (int144 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int144(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 144 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int136 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int136 or
     * greater than largest int136).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int136` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 136 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt136(int256 value) internal pure returns (int136 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int136(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 136 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int128 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int128 or
     * greater than largest int128).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int128` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 128 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt128(int256 value) internal pure returns (int128 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int128(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 128 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int120 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int120 or
     * greater than largest int120).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int120` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 120 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt120(int256 value) internal pure returns (int120 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int120(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 120 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int112 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int112 or
     * greater than largest int112).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int112` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 112 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt112(int256 value) internal pure returns (int112 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int112(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 112 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int104 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int104 or
     * greater than largest int104).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int104` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 104 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt104(int256 value) internal pure returns (int104 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int104(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 104 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int96 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int96 or
     * greater than largest int96).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int96` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 96 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt96(int256 value) internal pure returns (int96 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int96(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 96 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int88 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int88 or
     * greater than largest int88).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int88` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 88 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt88(int256 value) internal pure returns (int88 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int88(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 88 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int80 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int80 or
     * greater than largest int80).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int80` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 80 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt80(int256 value) internal pure returns (int80 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int80(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 80 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int72 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int72 or
     * greater than largest int72).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int72` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 72 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt72(int256 value) internal pure returns (int72 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int72(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 72 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int64 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int64 or
     * greater than largest int64).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int64` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 64 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt64(int256 value) internal pure returns (int64 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int64(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 64 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int56 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int56 or
     * greater than largest int56).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int56` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 56 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt56(int256 value) internal pure returns (int56 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int56(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 56 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int48 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int48 or
     * greater than largest int48).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int48` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 48 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt48(int256 value) internal pure returns (int48 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int48(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 48 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int40 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int40 or
     * greater than largest int40).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int40` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 40 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt40(int256 value) internal pure returns (int40 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int40(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 40 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int32 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int32 or
     * greater than largest int32).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int32` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 32 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt32(int256 value) internal pure returns (int32 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int32(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 32 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int24 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int24 or
     * greater than largest int24).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int24` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 24 bits
     *
     * _Available since v4.7._
     */
    function toInt24(int256 value) internal pure returns (int24 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int24(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 24 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int16 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int16 or
     * greater than largest int16).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int16` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 16 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt16(int256 value) internal pure returns (int16 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int16(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 16 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Returns the downcasted int8 from int256, reverting on
     * overflow (when the input is less than smallest int8 or
     * greater than largest int8).
     *
     * Counterpart to Solidity's `int8` operator.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must fit into 8 bits
     *
     * _Available since v3.1._
     */
    function toInt8(int256 value) internal pure returns (int8 downcasted) {
        downcasted = int8(value);
        require(downcasted == value, "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in 8 bits");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Converts an unsigned uint256 into a signed int256.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - input must be less than or equal to maxInt256.
     *
     * _Available since v3.0._
     */
    function toInt256(uint256 value) internal pure returns (int256) {
        // Note: Unsafe cast below is okay because `type(int256).max` is guaranteed to be positive
        require(value <= uint256(type(int256).max), "SafeCast: value doesn't fit in an int256");
        return int256(value);
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (proxy/beacon/IBeacon.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev This is the interface that {BeaconProxy} expects of its beacon.
 */
interface IBeaconUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Must return an address that can be used as a delegate call target.
     *
     * {BeaconProxy} will check that this address is a contract.
     */
    function implementation() external view returns (address);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.7.0) (token/ERC1155/IERC1155.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Required interface of an ERC1155 compliant contract, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155[EIP].
 *
 * _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155Upgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `value` tokens of token type `id` are transferred from `from` to `to` by `operator`.
     */
    event TransferSingle(address indexed operator, address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 id, uint256 value);

    /**
     * @dev Equivalent to multiple {TransferSingle} events, where `operator`, `from` and `to` are the same for all
     * transfers.
     */
    event TransferBatch(
        address indexed operator,
        address indexed from,
        address indexed to,
        uint256[] ids,
        uint256[] values
    );

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when `account` grants or revokes permission to `operator` to transfer their tokens, according to
     * `approved`.
     */
    event ApprovalForAll(address indexed account, address indexed operator, bool approved);

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the URI for token type `id` changes to `value`, if it is a non-programmatic URI.
     *
     * If an {URI} event was emitted for `id`, the standard
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1155#metadata-extensions[guarantees] that `value` will equal the value
     * returned by {IERC1155MetadataURI-uri}.
     */
    event URI(string value, uint256 indexed id);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the amount of tokens of token type `id` owned by `account`.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `account` cannot be the zero address.
     */
    function balanceOf(address account, uint256 id) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {balanceOf}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `accounts` and `ids` must have the same length.
     */
    function balanceOfBatch(address[] calldata accounts, uint256[] calldata ids)
        external
        view
        returns (uint256[] memory);

    /**
     * @dev Grants or revokes permission to `operator` to transfer the caller's tokens, according to `approved`,
     *
     * Emits an {ApprovalForAll} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `operator` cannot be the caller.
     */
    function setApprovalForAll(address operator, bool approved) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns true if `operator` is approved to transfer ``account``'s tokens.
     *
     * See {setApprovalForAll}.
     */
    function isApprovedForAll(address account, address operator) external view returns (bool);

    /**
     * @dev Transfers `amount` tokens of token type `id` from `from` to `to`.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferSingle} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `to` cannot be the zero address.
     * - If the caller is not `from`, it must have been approved to spend ``from``'s tokens via {setApprovalForAll}.
     * - `from` must have a balance of tokens of type `id` of at least `amount`.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155Received} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function safeTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 amount,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev xref:ROOT:erc1155.adoc#batch-operations[Batched] version of {safeTransferFrom}.
     *
     * Emits a {TransferBatch} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `ids` and `amounts` must have the same length.
     * - If `to` refers to a smart contract, it must implement {IERC1155Receiver-onERC1155BatchReceived} and return the
     * acceptance magic value.
     */
    function safeBatchTransferFrom(
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata amounts,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (interfaces/draft-IERC1822.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev ERC1822: Universal Upgradeable Proxy Standard (UUPS) documents a method for upgradeability through a simplified
 * proxy whose upgrades are fully controlled by the current implementation.
 */
interface IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns the storage slot that the proxiable contract assumes is being used to store the implementation
     * address.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: A proxy pointing at a proxiable contract should not be considered proxiable itself, because this risks
     * bricking a proxy that upgrades to it, by delegating to itself until out of gas. Thus it is critical that this
     * function revert if invoked through a proxy.
     */
    function proxiableUUID() external view returns (bytes32);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./IERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts that want to implement ERC165 should inherit from this contract and override {supportsInterface} to check
 * for the additional interface id that will be supported. For example:
 *
 * ```solidity
 * function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
 *     return interfaceId == type(MyInterface).interfaceId || super.supportsInterface(interfaceId);
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Alternatively, {ERC165Storage} provides an easier to use but more expensive implementation.
 */
abstract contract ERC165Upgradeable is Initializable, IERC165Upgradeable {
    function __ERC165_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC165_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return interfaceId == type(IERC165Upgradeable).interfaceId;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.8.0) (token/ERC20/utils/SafeERC20.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../IERC20Upgradeable.sol";
import "../extensions/draft-IERC20PermitUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @title SafeERC20
 * @dev Wrappers around ERC20 operations that throw on failure (when the token
 * contract returns false). Tokens that return no value (and instead revert or
 * throw on failure) are also supported, non-reverting calls are assumed to be
 * successful.
 * To use this library you can add a `using SafeERC20 for IERC20;` statement to your contract,
 * which allows you to call the safe operations as `token.safeTransfer(...)`, etc.
 */
library SafeERC20Upgradeable {
    using AddressUpgradeable for address;

    function safeTransfer(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transfer.selector, to, value));
    }

    function safeTransferFrom(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address from,
        address to,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.transferFrom.selector, from, to, value));
    }

    /**
     * @dev Deprecated. This function has issues similar to the ones found in
     * {IERC20-approve}, and its usage is discouraged.
     *
     * Whenever possible, use {safeIncreaseAllowance} and
     * {safeDecreaseAllowance} instead.
     */
    function safeApprove(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        // safeApprove should only be called when setting an initial allowance,
        // or when resetting it to zero. To increase and decrease it, use
        // 'safeIncreaseAllowance' and 'safeDecreaseAllowance'
        require(
            (value == 0) || (token.allowance(address(this), spender) == 0),
            "SafeERC20: approve from non-zero to non-zero allowance"
        );
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, value));
    }

    function safeIncreaseAllowance(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        uint256 newAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender) + value;
        _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
    }

    function safeDecreaseAllowance(
        IERC20Upgradeable token,
        address spender,
        uint256 value
    ) internal {
        unchecked {
            uint256 oldAllowance = token.allowance(address(this), spender);
            require(oldAllowance >= value, "SafeERC20: decreased allowance below zero");
            uint256 newAllowance = oldAllowance - value;
            _callOptionalReturn(token, abi.encodeWithSelector(token.approve.selector, spender, newAllowance));
        }
    }

    function safePermit(
        IERC20PermitUpgradeable token,
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) internal {
        uint256 nonceBefore = token.nonces(owner);
        token.permit(owner, spender, value, deadline, v, r, s);
        uint256 nonceAfter = token.nonces(owner);
        require(nonceAfter == nonceBefore + 1, "SafeERC20: permit did not succeed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev Imitates a Solidity high-level call (i.e. a regular function call to a contract), relaxing the requirement
     * on the return value: the return value is optional (but if data is returned, it must not be false).
     * @param token The token targeted by the call.
     * @param data The call data (encoded using abi.encode or one of its variants).
     */
    function _callOptionalReturn(IERC20Upgradeable token, bytes memory data) private {
        // We need to perform a low level call here, to bypass Solidity's return data size checking mechanism, since
        // we're implementing it ourselves. We use {Address-functionCall} to perform this call, which verifies that
        // the target address contains contract code and also asserts for success in the low-level call.

        bytes memory returndata = address(token).functionCall(data, "SafeERC20: low-level call failed");
        if (returndata.length > 0) {
            // Return data is optional
            require(abi.decode(returndata, (bool)), "SafeERC20: ERC20 operation did not succeed");
        }
    }
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/IERC165.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC165 standard, as defined in the
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165[EIP].
 *
 * Implementers can declare support of contract interfaces, which can then be
 * queried by others ({ERC165Checker}).
 *
 * For an implementation, see {ERC165}.
 */
interface IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Returns true if this contract implements the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. See the corresponding
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-165#how-interfaces-are-identified[EIP section]
     * to learn more about how these ids are created.
     *
     * This function call must use less than 30 000 gas.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) external view returns (bool);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (proxy/ERC1967/ERC1967Upgrade.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.2;

import "../beacon/IBeaconUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../interfaces/draft-IERC1822Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/AddressUpgradeable.sol";
import "../../utils/StorageSlotUpgradeable.sol";
import "../utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev This abstract contract provides getters and event emitting update functions for
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-1967[EIP1967] slots.
 *
 * _Available since v4.1._
 *
 * @custom:oz-upgrades-unsafe-allow delegatecall
 */
abstract contract ERC1967UpgradeUpgradeable is Initializable {
    function __ERC1967Upgrade_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC1967Upgrade_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    // This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.rollback" subtracted by 1
    bytes32 private constant _ROLLBACK_SLOT = 0x4910fdfa16fed3260ed0e7147f7cc6da11a60208b5b9406d12a635614ffd9143;

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the address of the current implementation.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.implementation" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT = 0x360894a13ba1a3210667c828492db98dca3e2076cc3735a920a3ca505d382bbc;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the implementation is upgraded.
     */
    event Upgraded(address indexed implementation);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current implementation address.
     */
    function _getImplementation() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 implementation slot.
     */
    function _setImplementation(address newImplementation) private {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newImplementation), "ERC1967: new implementation is not a contract");
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT).value = newImplementation;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeTo(address newImplementation) internal {
        _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        emit Upgraded(newImplementation);
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCall(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _upgradeTo(newImplementation);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            _functionDelegateCall(newImplementation, data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform implementation upgrade with security checks for UUPS proxies, and additional setup call.
     *
     * Emits an {Upgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeToAndCallUUPS(
        address newImplementation,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        // Upgrades from old implementations will perform a rollback test. This test requires the new
        // implementation to upgrade back to the old, non-ERC1822 compliant, implementation. Removing
        // this special case will break upgrade paths from old UUPS implementation to new ones.
        if (StorageSlotUpgradeable.getBooleanSlot(_ROLLBACK_SLOT).value) {
            _setImplementation(newImplementation);
        } else {
            try IERC1822ProxiableUpgradeable(newImplementation).proxiableUUID() returns (bytes32 slot) {
                require(slot == _IMPLEMENTATION_SLOT, "ERC1967Upgrade: unsupported proxiableUUID");
            } catch {
                revert("ERC1967Upgrade: new implementation is not UUPS");
            }
            _upgradeToAndCall(newImplementation, data, forceCall);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Storage slot with the admin of the contract.
     * This is the keccak-256 hash of "eip1967.proxy.admin" subtracted by 1, and is
     * validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _ADMIN_SLOT = 0xb53127684a568b3173ae13b9f8a6016e243e63b6e8ee1178d6a717850b5d6103;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the admin account has changed.
     */
    event AdminChanged(address previousAdmin, address newAdmin);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current admin.
     */
    function _getAdmin() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new address in the EIP1967 admin slot.
     */
    function _setAdmin(address newAdmin) private {
        require(newAdmin != address(0), "ERC1967: new admin is the zero address");
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_ADMIN_SLOT).value = newAdmin;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Changes the admin of the proxy.
     *
     * Emits an {AdminChanged} event.
     */
    function _changeAdmin(address newAdmin) internal {
        emit AdminChanged(_getAdmin(), newAdmin);
        _setAdmin(newAdmin);
    }

    /**
     * @dev The storage slot of the UpgradeableBeacon contract which defines the implementation for this proxy.
     * This is bytes32(uint256(keccak256('eip1967.proxy.beacon')) - 1)) and is validated in the constructor.
     */
    bytes32 internal constant _BEACON_SLOT = 0xa3f0ad74e5423aebfd80d3ef4346578335a9a72aeaee59ff6cb3582b35133d50;

    /**
     * @dev Emitted when the beacon is upgraded.
     */
    event BeaconUpgraded(address indexed beacon);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current beacon.
     */
    function _getBeacon() internal view returns (address) {
        return StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Stores a new beacon in the EIP1967 beacon slot.
     */
    function _setBeacon(address newBeacon) private {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(newBeacon), "ERC1967: new beacon is not a contract");
        require(
            AddressUpgradeable.isContract(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation()),
            "ERC1967: beacon implementation is not a contract"
        );
        StorageSlotUpgradeable.getAddressSlot(_BEACON_SLOT).value = newBeacon;
    }

    /**
     * @dev Perform beacon upgrade with additional setup call. Note: This upgrades the address of the beacon, it does
     * not upgrade the implementation contained in the beacon (see {UpgradeableBeacon-_setImplementation} for that).
     *
     * Emits a {BeaconUpgraded} event.
     */
    function _upgradeBeaconToAndCall(
        address newBeacon,
        bytes memory data,
        bool forceCall
    ) internal {
        _setBeacon(newBeacon);
        emit BeaconUpgraded(newBeacon);
        if (data.length > 0 || forceCall) {
            _functionDelegateCall(IBeaconUpgradeable(newBeacon).implementation(), data);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @dev Same as {xref-Address-functionCall-address-bytes-string-}[`functionCall`],
     * but performing a delegate call.
     *
     * _Available since v3.4._
     */
    function _functionDelegateCall(address target, bytes memory data) private returns (bytes memory) {
        require(AddressUpgradeable.isContract(target), "Address: delegate call to non-contract");

        // solhint-disable-next-line avoid-low-level-calls
        (bool success, bytes memory returndata) = target.delegatecall(data);
        return AddressUpgradeable.verifyCallResult(success, returndata, "Address: low-level delegate call failed");
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[50] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.6.0) (token/ERC721/IERC721Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @title ERC721 token receiver interface
 * @dev Interface for any contract that wants to support safeTransfers
 * from ERC721 asset contracts.
 */
interface IERC721ReceiverUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Whenever an {IERC721} `tokenId` token is transferred to this contract via {IERC721-safeTransferFrom}
     * by `operator` from `from`, this function is called.
     *
     * It must return its Solidity selector to confirm the token transfer.
     * If any other value is returned or the interface is not implemented by the recipient, the transfer will be reverted.
     *
     * The selector can be obtained in Solidity with `IERC721Receiver.onERC721Received.selector`.
     */
    function onERC721Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 tokenId,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts (last updated v4.5.0) (token/ERC1155/IERC1155Receiver.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "../../utils/introspection/IERC165Upgradeable.sol";

/**
 * @dev _Available since v3.1._
 */
interface IERC1155ReceiverUpgradeable is IERC165Upgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Handles the receipt of a single ERC1155 token type. This function is
     * called at the end of a `safeTransferFrom` after the balance has been updated.
     *
     * NOTE: To accept the transfer, this must return
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))`
     * (i.e. 0xf23a6e61, or its own function selector).
     *
     * @param operator The address which initiated the transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
     * @param from The address which previously owned the token
     * @param id The ID of the token being transferred
     * @param value The amount of tokens being transferred
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format
     * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155Received(address,address,uint256,uint256,bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
     */
    function onERC1155Received(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256 id,
        uint256 value,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);

    /**
     * @dev Handles the receipt of a multiple ERC1155 token types. This function
     * is called at the end of a `safeBatchTransferFrom` after the balances have
     * been updated.
     *
     * NOTE: To accept the transfer(s), this must return
     * `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))`
     * (i.e. 0xbc197c81, or its own function selector).
     *
     * @param operator The address which initiated the batch transfer (i.e. msg.sender)
     * @param from The address which previously owned the token
     * @param ids An array containing ids of each token being transferred (order and length must match values array)
     * @param values An array containing amounts of each token being transferred (order and length must match ids array)
     * @param data Additional data with no specified format
     * @return `bytes4(keccak256("onERC1155BatchReceived(address,address,uint256[],uint256[],bytes)"))` if transfer is allowed
     */
    function onERC1155BatchReceived(
        address operator,
        address from,
        uint256[] calldata ids,
        uint256[] calldata values,
        bytes calldata data
    ) external returns (bytes4);
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (utils/introspection/ERC165Storage.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

import "./ERC165Upgradeable.sol";
import "../../proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";

/**
 * @dev Storage based implementation of the {IERC165} interface.
 *
 * Contracts may inherit from this and call {_registerInterface} to declare
 * their support of an interface.
 */
abstract contract ERC165StorageUpgradeable is Initializable, ERC165Upgradeable {
    function __ERC165Storage_init() internal onlyInitializing {
    }

    function __ERC165Storage_init_unchained() internal onlyInitializing {
    }
    /**
     * @dev Mapping of interface ids to whether or not it's supported.
     */
    mapping(bytes4 => bool) private _supportedInterfaces;

    /**
     * @dev See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     */
    function supportsInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) public view virtual override returns (bool) {
        return super.supportsInterface(interfaceId) || _supportedInterfaces[interfaceId];
    }

    /**
     * @dev Registers the contract as an implementer of the interface defined by
     * `interfaceId`. Support of the actual ERC165 interface is automatic and
     * registering its interface id is not required.
     *
     * See {IERC165-supportsInterface}.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `interfaceId` cannot be the ERC165 invalid interface (`0xffffffff`).
     */
    function _registerInterface(bytes4 interfaceId) internal virtual {
        require(interfaceId != 0xffffffff, "ERC165: invalid interface id");
        _supportedInterfaces[interfaceId] = true;
    }

    /**
     * @dev This empty reserved space is put in place to allow future versions to add new
     * variables without shifting down storage in the inheritance chain.
     * See https://docs.openzeppelin.com/contracts/4.x/upgradeable#storage_gaps
     */
    uint256[49] private __gap;
}

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
// OpenZeppelin Contracts v4.4.1 (token/ERC20/extensions/draft-IERC20Permit.sol)

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

/**
 * @dev Interface of the ERC20 Permit extension allowing approvals to be made via signatures, as defined in
 * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612[EIP-2612].
 *
 * Adds the {permit} method, which can be used to change an account's ERC20 allowance (see {IERC20-allowance}) by
 * presenting a message signed by the account. By not relying on {IERC20-approve}, the token holder account doesn't
 * need to send a transaction, and thus is not required to hold Ether at all.
 */
interface IERC20PermitUpgradeable {
    /**
     * @dev Sets `value` as the allowance of `spender` over ``owner``'s tokens,
     * given ``owner``'s signed approval.
     *
     * IMPORTANT: The same issues {IERC20-approve} has related to transaction
     * ordering also apply here.
     *
     * Emits an {Approval} event.
     *
     * Requirements:
     *
     * - `spender` cannot be the zero address.
     * - `deadline` must be a timestamp in the future.
     * - `v`, `r` and `s` must be a valid `secp256k1` signature from `owner`
     * over the EIP712-formatted function arguments.
     * - the signature must use ``owner``'s current nonce (see {nonces}).
     *
     * For more information on the signature format, see the
     * https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-2612#specification[relevant EIP
     * section].
     */
    function permit(
        address owner,
        address spender,
        uint256 value,
        uint256 deadline,
        uint8 v,
        bytes32 r,
        bytes32 s
    ) external;

    /**
     * @dev Returns the current nonce for `owner`. This value must be
     * included whenever a signature is generated for {permit}.
     *
     * Every successful call to {permit} increases ``owner``'s nonce by one. This
     * prevents a signature from being used multiple times.
     */
    function nonces(address owner) external view returns (uint256);

    /**
     * @dev Returns the domain separator used in the encoding of the signature for {permit}, as defined by {EIP712}.
     */
    // solhint-disable-next-line func-name-mixedcase
    function DOMAIN_SEPARATOR() external view returns (bytes32);
}